Test 3 Flashcards
Nondeclarative memories
Includes actions and behaviour that you perform without awareness
Iconic memory
The visual form of sensory memory
Held for .5-1 secs
Echoic memory
The auditory form of sensory memory
Held for 5-10 seconds
The Atkinson - shiffrin model
3 memory stores
Short term memory (stm)
Sensory memory
Long term memory (Ltm)
Serial position effect
People will remember the first few items of a list, and the last few but not the middle
Working memory
Model of short term memory that includes a combination of memory components that can temporarily store small amounts of info
The phonological loop
A storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and stores info as sounds
The visuospatial sketchpad
Storage component of working memory that holds visual images
The episodic buffer
Part of working memory that combines images and sounds into one coherent story
The central executive
Part of working memory that coordinates attention and the exchange of info among the three storage components
3 storage components of working memory
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
Visuospatial sketchpad
Declarative memories / explicit memories
Memories you can recall and verbalize
Episodic memory
Form of declarative memory based on your own personal experience
Semantic memories
A declarative memory that includes facts about the world
Heuristics
Problem solving strategies that stem from prior experience and provide an educated guess as to what is the most likely solution
Consolidation
The process of converting short term memory into long term in the brain
Classical categorization
Theory claims that objects or events are categorized according to their features
Sensory memory
Memory store that holds perceptual info for a very short amount of time
Graded membership
The observation that some concepts appear to make better category members than others
Concept
The mental representation of an object, event, or idea
Categories
The clusters of interrelated concepts
Semantic network
An interconnected set of nodes/concepts and the links that join them to form a category
The whorfian hypothesis
The theory that the language we use determines how we understand and categorize the world
This theory is not true
Algorithms
Problem solving strategies based on a series of rules
Mental set
A cognitive obstacle that occurs when and individual attempts to apply a routine solution to what is a new type of problem
Chunking
Organizing small units of info into larger more meaningful ones
Aphasia
A language disorder caused by damage to the brain structures that support using and understanding language
Broca’s area
Region of left frontal lobe that controls our ability to articulate speech
Wernickes area
The area of the brain most associated with finding the meaning of words
Phonemes
The most basic of units of speech sounds (letter T)
Morphemes
Smallest meaningful units of language (the word pig cannot be broken down into anything smaller that’s meaningful)
Semantics
Study of how people come to understand meaning of words
