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AP EURO > Test #6 > Flashcards

Test #6 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

brought about the idea of a young italy, established the Roman Republic in 1849, was a romantic and was protected by Garibaldi and his forces, revolutions of his failed because they had little leadership and nothing was concrete

A

guiseppe Mazzini

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1
Q

liberated southern Italy and Sicily, exemplified the nationalistic/revolutionary beliefs and earlier Young Italy revolutoinaries, allowed his conquests to absorbed into Piedmont-Sardinia, captured Rome from France in 1871

A

Garibaldi

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2
Q

similarities between Piedmont-Sardinia and unification of Southern Italy

A

Both were unified by strong states, both unified by able statesman, both unified by monarchs, both nationalist movements were easy to carry out because of how similar people were

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3
Q

How was Italy unified

A

after Garibaldi’s failed attempts, he had Sardinia vote to join the south and since he controlled garibaldi Italy was unified

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4
Q

Plombieres

A

Agreement between Piedmont Sardinia and Napoleon 3 of France, said Italy would support France in Crimea, then France would support in kicking Austria out of northern Italy, Austria declared war after being prevoked by france and Italy defeated Austria

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5
Q

Louis Napoleon

A

president of Second French Empire, played off of Napoleon I’s legacy, because legislative assembly would not pay off his debts he planned coup and created Second French Empire, then became Napoleon III

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6
Q

President Louis Napoleon and the Second French Republic

A

had universal male suffereage, hugely popular president in Louis Napoleon, and Legislative Assembly which shared power with President Louis Napoleon

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7
Q

Napoleon 3 and the the Third French Republic

A

took control of government via Coup,
restored universal suffrage in 1852,
His control was direct and authoritarian,
economic reforms resulted in healthy economy,
restored control of education to gov,
loss of Franco-Prussian war resulted in collapse of Second French Empire

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8
Q

Zollverein

A

German Customs Union
established to stimulate trade and increase the revenues of state members

had not included Austria since 1848

Economic Germany excluding Austria was becoming a reality

Prussia’s lead within the Zollverein gave it a valuable advantage in its struggle against Austrian supremacy

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9
Q

Consequences of the Franco-Prussian War and what happened

A

Otto Von Bismarck provoked France with Ems Dispatch
Prussia defeated France with ease and paris in 1871
Consequences
Last 4 southern states into the northern confederation, Bavaria, Baden, Wurttenburg, Saxony
Created an upsurge in national German pride and left surrounding nations scared
Ultimately directly led to the unification of Germany
Treaty of Frankfurt
End of reign for Nap III, AND second French Empire

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10
Q

What is the Ems Dispatch

A

Bismarck’s attempt at provoking France to attack in order to take the last 4 southern German states and creating a united Germany
Dispatch claimed that a french diplomat was kicked out of Germany and this provoked France

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11
Q

First state to back social welfare legislation

A

Germany

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12
Q

Largest political party in the Reichstag in 1912, due to its improved patriotic stance and broadened base

A

Social democrats

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13
Q

Legislation in Britain designed to increase spending on social welfare services

A

People’s Budget

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14
Q

Northern counties in Ireland that opposed a Catholic Irelan

A

Ulster

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15
Q

Break away region from Sweden that became a fully independent nation in 1905

A

Norway

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16
Q

Popularly elected lower house in Germany

A

Reichstag

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17
Q

Movement founded by Theodore Herzl.

A

Zionism

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18
Q

Revived republican distrust of Catholicism

A

Dreyfus affair

19
Q

Novelist who spoke out in defense of Alfred Dreyfus and accused the French Army

A

Zola

20
Q

Militant suffragette in England who was infuriated that Parliment did not give women the right to vote

A

Pankhurst

21
Q

Opposed Bismarck’s attempts to continue outlawing the SDP and effectively forced him to resign

A

William II

22
Q

Official language of Hungary

A

Magyar

23
Q

Liberal Prime Minister who saw the transformation of the Whig party into the Liberal party

A

Gladstone

24
Q

Dual monarchist Empire

A

AustroHungarian

25
Q

Bismarck’s Kulturkampf refers to his attack on the __________ in the German Empire

A

Catholic Church

26
Q

Issued the doctrine of Papal Infallibility and Syllabus of Errors

A

Pope Pius IX

27
Q

Saw the transformation of the Tory Party to the Conservative party and the expansion of the electorate to all middle class males

A

Disraeli

28
Q

Anti Jewish sentient espoused by Karl Leuger

A

Anti-Semitism

29
Q

By 1914, most European government had universal male

A

Suffrage

30
Q

Radical institution that lay siege to Paris in 1871, following the collapse of the second French Empire

A

Commune

31
Q

Bismarck initiated social reforms because of his fear and distrust of

A

Socialism

32
Q

Reform Bill in Britain that gave nearly all male citizens the right to vote in 1884

A

Third Reform Bill

33
Q

Zemstovs

A

Established in 1864 in Russia, after Crimean War
New institution of local assembly
Local assembly where elected officials solved local problems

34
Q

Emancipation Edict

A

Russia 1861 freeing of serfs enacted by Russian gov
Led to the establishment of mirs
Didn’t help Russia modernize because mirs could not advance
Edict peasants were free but had no money and had to pay to buy their land

35
Q

Tanzimat

A

Created by liberal Ottoman statesman to attempt to save the empire
Was a series of Radical reforms from 1839-1876, which culminated in a constitution and a short lived parliament

36
Q

Kulturkampf

A

Bismarck’s attack on the Catholic Church, basically Bismarck wanted the state to be in control of educating the youth and not the Church
Literally means struggle for civilization

37
Q

Crimean War

A

1853-56, dispute with France over who should protect certain Christian shrines in the Ottoman Empire
Russia’s transportation system led to its downfall as the army was not supplied properly
France with support from GB, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire crushed Russia with ease
Led to a turning point in Russian industrialization

38
Q

Young Turks

A

Idealistic Turkish exiles and young army officers seized power of the government during the revolutions of 1908
Forced the Ottoman sultan to implement reforms
Led the way to a secular anti-Ottoman Turkey

39
Q

Sergei Witte

A

Key leader of massive industrial push after humiliation of Crimean War
Minister of Finance from 1892-1903
Under his leadership Russia built state owned railroads, high protective tarrifs, put country on gold standard, steel and coal industry, modern factories

40
Q

What was the German Social Democrats (S.P.D)

A

Believed in a Marxist philosphy

Bismarck was forced to reconcile with this group so mimics the threat, launched many leftist reforms to satisfy them

41
Q

SPD in 1912

A

Scored great electoral victory, became the largest single elected party in the Reichstag (elected lower house)
Fear of socialist Germany swept through aristocrats

42
Q

The Dreyfus Affiar

A

Jewish captain of French army was falsely prisoner and accused of treason
Case split France apart, one side army ,which manufactured evidence, anti-Semitists, and Catholic Church, other side was civil libertarians and radical republicans
Emile Zola wrote on the subjects and supported Dreyfus
Later Catholic Church bishops and others were not being payed by the state

43
Q

Evolutionary Socialism

A

Written by Edward Bernstein, 1899
Bernstein was most prominent revisionist, thought marx’s predictions would not actually happen in society and strived to create a new vision for Marxism

44
Q

Alexander II

A

Tsar of Russia during Crimea War
After military disaster he was forced to force social changes and general modernization
Enacted emancipation edict
Made more economic strides than political
Assassinated by terrorist group

45
Q

Narodnaya Volya

A

Small terrorist group led by Sofia perovskya
Group set out to kill Alexander II
Assassinated him with multiple bombings
Name means people’s will

46
Q

The people’s budget

A

Bill designed to increase spending on social welfare services
Passed by Commons but vetoed by Lords, Lords backed down when King threatened

AP EURO (16 decks)

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