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Microbiology IPAP 3-17 > Test 5 Malaria and Sporozoa > Flashcards

Test 5 Malaria and Sporozoa Flashcards

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1
Q

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the cause of malignant tertian malaria?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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2
Q

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the most frequent cause of benign tertian malaria?

A

Plasmodium Vivax

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3
Q

What Plasmodium species that infects humans causes benign tertian malaria but at a less frequent rate than Plasmodium Vivax?

A

Plasmodium Ovale

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4
Q

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the cause of severe quotidian malaria in S. East Asia since 1965?

A

Plasmodium Knowlesi

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5
Q

What Plasmodium species that infects humans causes benign quartan malaria?

A

Plasmodium Malariae

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6
Q

In the Life Cycle for Malaria during the Mosquito Stage, at what point does the Mosquito become infective?

A

Rupture oocyst release of sporozoites in Mosquito

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7
Q

What are the different stages in the life cycle for malaria and what cycle is related to them?

A
  • Mosquito Stage: Sporogonic Cycle
  • Human Liver Stage: Exo-erythrocytic Cycle
  • Human Blood Stage: Erythrocytic Cycle
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8
Q

What is the infective stage in the Life Cycle in which a human may get Malaria?

A

Mosquito takes blood meal and injects sporozoites

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9
Q

In the Life Cycle of Malaria what is the transition point of the Human Liver Stage to the Human Blood Stage?

A

Ruptured Schizont from infected Liver Cell

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10
Q

What are the Diagnostic Stages of the Life Cycle of Malaria?

A

Human Blood Stage (Erythrocytic Cycle):

  • Immature Trophozoite (Ring Stage)
  • Mature Trophozoite
  • Schizont (in blood)
  • Gametocytes
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11
Q

Life Cycle for Malaria, Entering the Mosquito stage (Sporogonic Cycle) how does a Mosquito get infected with Malaria

A

Mosquito takes blood meal and ingests gametocytes from human blood

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12
Q

What areas does Malaria favor?

A
  • Areas for Sporozoite development
  • Typically Tropical and Subtropical areas
  • Areas lower altitude
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13
Q

What areas are Endemic for Malaria?

A

S. America
Sub-Saharan Africa
SE Asia
(Half the world’s population at risk)

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14
Q

What is the deadliest species of Malaria?

A

Plasmodium Falciparum

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15
Q

What Malaria species are thought to occupy adjoining niches and which is predominate in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

-Plasmodium Vivax:
Sub-Saharan Africa
-Plasmodium Ovale: Other adjoining areas

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16
Q

What two forms of Malaria species cannot always be discerned via morphology, symptoms, and signs; therefore molecular technology is important to distinguish the two?

A

Plasmodium Vivax

Plasmodium Ovale

17
Q

What is the geographic Distribution of Plasmodium Malariae?

A

-S. America
-Asia
-Africa
(Less frequent than P. Falciparum in cases)

18
Q

What Malaria species is considered a zoonotic Malaria and where is it found?

A

Plasmodium Knowlesi

-SE Asia

19
Q

What is the most common malaria species and has a wide distribution?

A

Plasmodium Vivax

20
Q

Uncomplicated malaria is non-specific and diagnosis can be missed, however untreated malaria can progress rapidly to death, consideration of malaria should be made for any history of travel or residence in disease-endemic areas, what are the most frequent symptoms?

A 
Fever
Chills/Sweating
May be accompanied by:
-Headache
-Dry Cough
-Myalgia
-Arthralgia
-Weakness
-Muscular: Pain/fatigue
-Spleen: Enlargement
-Back: Pain
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
21
Q

The clinical manifestations of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria include what if Cerebral Malaria?

A

-Continual Fevers w/irregular spikes
-CEREBRAL MALARIA:
CNS Changes
Respiratory Distress
Bleeding
Circulatory Collapse
Fatigue
Malaise

22
Q

The clinical manifestations of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria include what if Hepatic Malaria?

A

-Continual Fevers w/irregular spike
-HEPATIC MALARIA
Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice
Blackwater Fever
-High Mortality w/low parasitemia
-Fatality: Microvascular obstruction, hemolysis, multi-organ system failure

23
Q

In the Clinical Diagnosis of Complicated malaria equals one or more of what symptoms?

A
  • Impaired Consciousness (Measure GCS and MSQ) or seizures (blood glucose)
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Spontaneous bleeding/disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Haemoglobinuria (w/out G6PD)
  • Renal Impairment or electrolyte/acid-base disturbance (pH<7.3)
  • Pulmonary edema or adult respiratory distress syndrome
  • Shock (Algid Malaria); may be due to Gram Negative Bacteraemia
24
Q

What is the vector of transmission for Malaria?

A

Anopheles Mosquito

Microbiology IPAP 3-17 (16 decks)

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