Test 5 Malaria and Sporozoa

Question 1

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the cause of malignant tertian malaria?

Answer 1

Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 2

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the most frequent cause of benign tertian malaria?

Answer 2

Plasmodium Vivax

Question 3

What Plasmodium species that infects humans causes benign tertian malaria but at a less frequent rate than Plasmodium Vivax?

Answer 3

Plasmodium Ovale

Question 4

What Plasmodium species that infects humans is the cause of severe quotidian malaria in S. East Asia since 1965?

Answer 4

Plasmodium Knowlesi

Question 5

What Plasmodium species that infects humans causes benign quartan malaria?

Answer 5

Plasmodium Malariae

Question 6

In the Life Cycle for Malaria during the Mosquito Stage, at what point does the Mosquito become infective?

Answer 6

Rupture oocyst release of sporozoites in Mosquito

Question 7

What are the different stages in the life cycle for malaria and what cycle is related to them?

Answer 7

• Mosquito Stage: Sporogonic Cycle
• Human Liver Stage: Exo-erythrocytic Cycle
• Human Blood Stage: Erythrocytic Cycle

Question 8

What is the infective stage in the Life Cycle in which a human may get Malaria?

Answer 8

Mosquito takes blood meal and injects sporozoites

Question 9

In the Life Cycle of Malaria what is the transition point of the Human Liver Stage to the Human Blood Stage?

Answer 9

Ruptured Schizont from infected Liver Cell

Question 10

What are the Diagnostic Stages of the Life Cycle of Malaria?

Answer 10

Human Blood Stage (Erythrocytic Cycle):

• Immature Trophozoite (Ring Stage)
• Mature Trophozoite
• Schizont (in blood)
• Gametocytes

Question 11

Life Cycle for Malaria, Entering the Mosquito stage (Sporogonic Cycle) how does a Mosquito get infected with Malaria

Answer 11

Mosquito takes blood meal and ingests gametocytes from human blood

Question 12

What areas does Malaria favor?

Answer 12

• Areas for Sporozoite development
• Typically Tropical and Subtropical areas
• Areas lower altitude

Question 13

What areas are Endemic for Malaria?

Answer 13

S. America
Sub-Saharan Africa
SE Asia
(Half the world’s population at risk)

Question 14

What is the deadliest species of Malaria?

Answer 14

Plasmodium Falciparum

Question 15

What Malaria species are thought to occupy adjoining niches and which is predominate in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 15

-Plasmodium Vivax:
Sub-Saharan Africa
-Plasmodium Ovale: Other adjoining areas

Question 16

What two forms of Malaria species cannot always be discerned via morphology, symptoms, and signs; therefore molecular technology is important to distinguish the two?

Answer 16

Plasmodium Vivax

Plasmodium Ovale

Question 17

What is the geographic Distribution of Plasmodium Malariae?

Answer 17

-S. America
-Asia
-Africa
(Less frequent than P. Falciparum in cases)

Question 18

What Malaria species is considered a zoonotic Malaria and where is it found?

Answer 18

Plasmodium Knowlesi

-SE Asia

Question 19

What is the most common malaria species and has a wide distribution?

Answer 19

Plasmodium Vivax

Question 20

Uncomplicated malaria is non-specific and diagnosis can be missed, however untreated malaria can progress rapidly to death, consideration of malaria should be made for any history of travel or residence in disease-endemic areas, what are the most frequent symptoms?

Answer 20

Fever
Chills/Sweating
May be accompanied by:
-Headache
-Dry Cough
-Myalgia
-Arthralgia
-Weakness
-Muscular: Pain/fatigue
-Spleen: Enlargement
-Back: Pain
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea

Question 21

The clinical manifestations of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria include what if Cerebral Malaria?

Answer 21

-Continual Fevers w/irregular spikes
-CEREBRAL MALARIA:
CNS Changes
Respiratory Distress
Bleeding
Circulatory Collapse
Fatigue
Malaise

Question 22

The clinical manifestations of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria include what if Hepatic Malaria?

Answer 22

-Continual Fevers w/irregular spike
-HEPATIC MALARIA
Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice
Blackwater Fever
-High Mortality w/low parasitemia
-Fatality: Microvascular obstruction, hemolysis, multi-organ system failure

Question 23

In the Clinical Diagnosis of Complicated malaria equals one or more of what symptoms?

Answer 23

• Impaired Consciousness (Measure GCS and MSQ) or seizures (blood glucose)
• Hypoglycemia
• Spontaneous bleeding/disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Haemoglobinuria (w/out G6PD)
• Renal Impairment or electrolyte/acid-base disturbance (pH<7.3)
• Pulmonary edema or adult respiratory distress syndrome
• Shock (Algid Malaria); may be due to Gram Negative Bacteraemia

Question 24

What is the vector of transmission for Malaria?

Answer 24

Anopheles Mosquito