Test #5

Question 1

Fetal Presentation

Answer 1

The part of the fetus that is closest to the true pelvis. The baby can be presenting to a cephalic presentation, where it is head down. Cephalic presentations include vertex, brow, face and chin. The baby can be presenting in a breech presentation, which includes frank breech, complete breech, footling (single or double footling) breech. Other presentations include a shoulder presentation is where more than one part has entered the true pelvis. For example, the head with a hand beside it. This is also referred to as a nuchal hand.

Question 2

Fetal Station

Answer 2

A description of the distance of the fetal presenting part in relation to the ischial spines of the mather’s pelvis. The fetal station is spines. For example, a station of -2 would describe the baby as being 2cm above the ischial spines, while a station of +1 would describe the baby as being 1cm below the ischial spines. A station of 0 describes the baby as being level with the ischial spines.

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

The developing baby, from about the seventh of eighth week of development until birth.

Question 4

Foramen ovale

Answer 4

The opening between the left and right atria of the fetal heart. This opening enables the fetus to receive maximum oxygen during pregnancy and usually closes at, or shortly, after, birth.

Question 5

General Anesthesia

Answer 5

The absence of consciousness, induced by anesthesia. The medication is given either by injection or inhaled. INtubation and respiratory assistance may be required

Question 6

Gestation

Answer 6

The period from the point of gestation until birth.

Question 7

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 7

A form of diabetes that is believed to exist in some women during pregnancy. It is generally preceded by a poor diet, high in sugars. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes may be given supplementary insulin, or may be recommended to control the condition with an improved diet

Question 8

Glucagon

Answer 8

A hormone that is produced in the pancreas, that stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

A simple sugar found in food. Glucose may be given through an intravenous drip to prevent dehydration or ketosis

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

The major carbohydrate that is stored in animal cells formed from chains of glucose. Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver, with a small amount being stored in muscle cells. When extra energy is needed in the body, glycogon is used to break the glycogen down into glucose again.

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

The hormone of love

Question 12

Endorphins

Answer 12

Hormones of pleasure and transcendence

Question 13

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 13

hormones of excitement

Question 14

prolactin

Answer 14

the mothering hormone

Question 15

Oxytocin

Answer 15

Secreted during sexual activity, birth and breastfeeding; produces feelings of love and altruism, mediates the ejection reflex during sex, at the end of a birth, and the placental ejection, and milk ejection; enhances nutrient absorption during pregnancy making us sleepy; causes rhythmic uterine contractions during labor, perhaps even initiating labor; production is enhanced by skin to skin and eye to eye contact and baby’s first suckling; Helps protect against post-partum hemorrhage

Question 16

Endorphins

Answer 16

occur as natural pain relieving system; responsble for dream look on mother’s face in late labor; high levels present during sex, pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding; stress hormones, released under conditions of duress and act as analgesics, supress the immune system so that it does not act against the baby; induces feelings of pleasure, euphoria, and dependency; high levels during labor hlep the laboring woman enter the altered state of consciousness that characterizes an undisturbed birth; too high will inhibit osytocin release, slowing labor; facilitates release of prolactin; levels peak 20 minutes after birth inducing pleasure and mutual dependency for mother and baby

Question 17

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Answer 17

adrenaline; screted in response to stresses such as fright, anxiety, hunger, assist the baby to breathe after birth; high levels associated with longer labors and adverse fetal heart patterns; activite the fetal ejection reflex when the moment of birth is imminent; cause the mother to experience a sudden rush of energy that will help her birth baby easily and quickly; high levels ensure the baby is wide-eye dand apart at first contact with mother; improve immune response; stimulate prolactin

Question 18

Prolactin

Answer 18

major hormone of breastmilk synthesis and breastfeeding; has been thought to produce aggressively protective behavior in lactating females; levels increase during pregnancy and peak during birth; produces some degree of anxiety in the breastfeeding relationship to activate the mother’s vigilance and help her put her baby’s needs firs