OB Test Flashcards
What are Obstetricians expected to do today?
Primary care for 4 million normal healthy pregnant women; specialist in birth complications for 400,000 women, preventative gynecology, women’s diseases, skilled surgeon
What is a good way of finding out if an individual doctor or hospital is practicing modern maternity care?
If she is laid on her back to give birth. This increases interventions, decreases women’s satisfaction
What percent of births are best managed with a medical approach?
5-10%
What are Barber-surgeons?
The professional ancestors of obstetricians. Looked after soliders after battle. Were the only people allowed to use forceps when they became available in the 17th century.
When was the term obstetricians coined?
In 1828 by an English doctor
What is the difference between midwives and OBs?
OBs can perform c-sections, use forceps, or apply a vacuum
When was one of the first midwifery classes?
In 16th Century Paris
Who is Ambrose Parey?
The fatehr of modern day surgery; Revived the theory that a woman’s pelvis separates during birth. He had women lie down to deliver in bed, covering them completely with a cloth.
What position did barber-surgeons prefer until the 20th century?
A woman lying on her side, fully dressed, and facing away.
Who was Gregoire?
An OB instructor in Paris who taught his students using a real pelvis and dead fetuses. He taught his students to use forceps at random and pull with great force.
Who was William Smellie?
Served as a country doctor that got calls from midwives when labor was going badly. He would try ot manually rotate the child, perform a craniotomy, or use a noose to hook the child’s head and pull it down if the mother is too tired to push. He brought his students to the deliveries of poor pregnant women.
Why were Smellie’s lessons controversial?
He focused more on how to use instruments than let nature take its course.
Who designed a curve in forceps blades?
William Smellie. He was secretive about his tools so that they would not be blamed if things went wrong.
Who instructed his students to keep quiet about any birth accident or bad outcome?
William Smellie. He didn’t want tragedy associated with male attendants.
Who became known as the father of British midwifery?
William Smellie
Who established London’s first medical school?
William Hunger
Who did America’s first systemic lectures on midwifery in 1765 that banned women from attending?
William Shippen Jr.
Who was horrifed at seeing a woman’s genitals and taught his students to perform an internal vaginal eam without seeing a woman’s genitals?
William Potts
Whose students left with a diploma and forceps, often having never seen a birth?
Walter Channing
Who was the Dean of American midwifery?
Meigs, he said women’s head were too small for intellect and barely big enough for love
Who was Mary Dixen Jones?
woman doctor that would not allow a craniotomy in 1894
Who invented silver thread and learned how to stitch fistula?
J Marion Simms
Who established a women’s hospital in NYC in 1853?
J Marion Simms
Whose patients were more likely to develop injuries from hurriedly administered procedures than prolonged labor?
Joseph B. Delee; used scalpel to widen vaginal cavity
What did Delee argue the episiotomy prevented?
Tears and incontinence; He claimed as many as 5% of babies died from head trauma just coming through the birth canal, when in reality it was clumsy forceps
Who devised a special bed with stirrups?
Joseph B DeLee
Who wrote articles calling for the abolition of midwives and believed only OBs could deliver babies?
Joseph B DeLee
When did studies on episiotomies change?
In 1983; they weakn the perineum and sometimes cause it to sag
What are the rates of episiotomy?
90% in the 1970s; 39% by 1997; 20% by 2000; 30-35% by 2005
Who believed childbirth did not need so much interference and could be experienced with little pain, and showed women their baby immediately after labor?
Grantley Dick Reed
Who believed breastfeeding was essential?
Grantley Dick Reed
Who believed hemorrhage didn’t happen when a woman heard her baby cry?
Grantley Dick Reed
Who became one of the most respected OBs in Paris 10 years after the birth of his daughter?
Fernand Lamaz
Whose OB practice changed when he experienced a 6 hour labor in which the woman reported no pain?
Fernand Lamaz
Who replaced deep breathing for huffing and puffing?
Fernand Lamaz
Who allowed pregnant women with abnormal fetal presentations such as breech to participate in training for a better birth?
Fernand Lamaz
What did Fernand Lamaz believe was the greatest inhibition to painless childbirth?
doubt
Who wrote “Thank you, Dr. Lamaze”, exporting his ideas to the English speaking population?
Marjorie Karmel
Who was so moved by Marjorie Karmel’s book that they collaborated together to organize the American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics in 1960?
Elisabeth Bing
In 1970 what percept of hospitals sponsored childbirth courses?
10%, by 1975 most did
When did Lamaze International replace the American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics?
1997
Whose contribution to the field of obstetrics was the cervimetric curve?
Emanual Friedman
What is the cervimetric curve?
Bell-shaped graph that tracked the average length of time of the three stages of labor. It emphasized active labor as the true measure of if labor was progressing normally; He became frustrated that it became a rigid rule without taking into consideration the number of women that were outliers
