Test 5 220 9 and 10 Flashcards
criminal law
to protect society from the injurious acts of individuals
civil law
defines and determines the rights of individuals to protect their persons and property
Tennessee v. Garner
unarmed suspected felon was shot; there was an argument about constitutional rights; officers can use deadly force to keep a felon from escaping
Riley v. California
he was arrested and his phone was taken and searched, leading police to evidence that got him charged
Miranda v. Arizona
people must be notified of their rights to not self-incriminate
Chimel v. California
only the area within an arrestee’s immediate control can be searched without a warrant
Arizona v. Gant
pulled over and arrested for driving with a suspended license; car got searched while he was in the back of the cruiser. Ruling is that you can’t search the car unless a person is still within reach of the passenger compartment
Terry v. Ohio
Men were seen walking up and down a street in front of a store, potentially casing it
they were stopped and frisked, and Terry was charged with carrying a concealed weapon
Police officers are not ________, but they must do and perform the functions of both on certain occasions
judge and jury
All of the following are factors that influence police discretion EXCEPT for ________
race, gender, and age
Adhering to a supervisor’s policy of not ticketing unless an individual has exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 miles an hour is an example of influence of _________
department policy and culture
The introduction of _________ is an example of an organizational transformations that relates to ethical decision-making on the part of officers
community-oriented policing
According to the text, which of the following besides education, training, and length of service of the officer has been shown to influence an officer’s decision on how a case will be handled?
wishes of the complainant
When based on objective facts and logical conclusions given a specific set of circumstances, _______ may be used as the basis for stopping and frisking suspicious individuals.
reasonable suspicion
Which of the following allows police officers to enter a place without a warrant if there may be an imminent destruction of evidence, when a suspect is escaping, or when there is an imminent threat to officers or others?
exigent circumstances
The Supreme Court found that _____ exists when facts and circumstances within a police officer’s knowledge, which are based on reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to believe that an offense has been or is being committed by the person being arrested
probable cause
Which of the following refers to what a reasonable person, in similar circumstances, might conclude
reasonableness
The ______ holds that if a police officer sees an incriminating object in plain view during a legitimate stop, he or she may seize the object
plain view doctrine
Which intermediate sanction resembles a military-style boot camp?
shock incarceration
which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice?
crime has individual and social dimensions of responsibility
Federal sentencing guidelines ________
provide a range of punishments for a specific crime
research into victim impact statements has found that
sentencing decisions are rarely affected by them
a writ of habeas corpus
requires that a prisoner be brought before a judicial officer to determine if he or she is being lawfully imprisoned
which sentencing model tends to involve the greatest amount of judicial discretion?
indeterminate sentencing
