Test 5 150 11 and 12

Question 1

sentencing

Answer 1

the imposition of a penalty on a person convicted of a crime

Question 2

philosophies of sentencing

Answer 2

includes moral issues, societal, emotional

Question 3

retribution

Answer 3

call for punishment based on perceived need for vengeance

Question 4

incapacitation

Answer 4

the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit future offenses

Question 5

deterrence

Answer 5

the example or threat of punishment to convince people that criminal activity is not worthwhile

Question 6

rehabilitation

Answer 6

involves attempts to reform criminals, and create changes in their behavior

Question 7

restoration

Answer 7

attempts to make the victim and the community “whole again”

Question 8

five goals of sentencing

Answer 8

retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration

Question 9

imprisonment

Answer 9

primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model

Question 10

general deterrence

Answer 10

seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced

Question 11

specific deterrence

Answer 11

seeks to prevent a specific offender from engaging in repeat criminality

Question 12

consecutive sentencing

Answer 12

each sentence is served one after the other(two 50 year sentences makes 100 years)

Question 13

concurrent sentencing

Answer 13

each sentence is served side by side with another(two 50 year sentences makes 50 years)

Question 14

gain time

Answer 14

time off in recognition of the inmate’s project or program participation

Question 15

good time

Answer 15

time off for good behavior

Question 16

proportionality

Answer 16

a sentencing principle that holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed

Question 17

equity

Answer 17

similar crimes should be punished with the same degree of severity

Question 18

social debt

Answer 18

offender’s criminal history should be considered in history

Question 19

mitigating circumstances

Answer 19

circumstances related to the commission of a crime that may be considered to reduce the blameworthiness of a defendant

Question 20

aggravating circumstances

Answer 20

circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that make it more grave than the average instance of that crime

Question 21

general deterrence

Answer 21

attempts to discourage potential offenders from committing crimes

Question 22

which sentencing model tends to involve the greatest amount of judicial discretion

Answer 22

indeterminate sentencing

Question 23

community corrections

Answer 23

the use of a variety of officially program-based sanctions that permit convicted offenders to remain in the community under conditional supervision

includes probation, parole, home confinement, and electronic monitoring

Question 24

probation

Answer 24

court-ordered sentence served under supervision in the community

Question 25

general conditions

Answer 25

apply to all probationers in a given district

Question 26

specific conditions

Answer 26

apply to specific individuals based on their case

Question 27

parole

Answer 27

conditional supervised early release of inmates from correctional confinement

Question 28

probation

Answer 28

avoid incarceration

Question 29

parole

Answer 29

have been incarcerated, getting released early

Question 30

2 decision making models used by states

Answer 30

parole board and statutory decrees

Question 31

medical parole

Answer 31

for low risk offenders due to serious physical or mental health conditions

Question 32

how many inmates released from prison are paroled?

Answer 32

25%

Question 33

parole violation

Answer 33

an act of failure that doesn't conform to the conditions

Question 34

parole revocation

Answer 34

the administrative action of removing a person from parole in response to a violation of conditions

Question 35

restitution

Answer 35

court requirement that a convicted offender pay money or provide services to the victim

Question 36

revocation hearing

Answer 36

a hearing held before a legally constituted hearing body to determine whether someone has violated the terms of probation or parole

Question 37

NRP(nonrevocable parole)

Answer 37

exceptions include gang members, violent criminals, and sex offenders

Question 38

four main functions of probation and parole officers

Answer 38

intake procedures, diagnosis and needs assessment, client supervision, and presentence investigations

Question 39

advantages of intermediate sanctions

Answer 39

less expensive than imprisonment, socially cost-effective, provide flexiblity

Question 40

split sentencing

Answer 40

requires the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement followed by a period of probation

Question 41

shock probation

Answer 41

you must apply for probation

Question 42

shock incarceration

Answer 42

boot camp type of prison, short term

Question 43

mixed sentencing

Answer 43

a sentence that required a convicted offender to serve weekends in a confinement facility and receive probation supervision during the week

Question 44

community service

Answer 44

a sentencing alternative that required offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency

Question 45

house arrest

Answer 45

socially cost-effective and reduces opportunity for negative socialization that occurs in prison