Test 2 150 ch 5 and 6 Flashcards
Bow Street Runners
an early English police unit formed under the leadership of Henry Fielding, magistrate of the bow street region of London
bobbies
the popular British name given to members of Sir Robert(Bob) Peel’s Metropolitan Police Force
comes stabuli
a nonuniformed mounted law enforcement officer of medieval England. Early police forces were small and relatively unorganized but made effective use of local resources in the formation of posses, the pursuit of offenders, and the like
directed patrol
a police management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques
evidence-based policing
the use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers
federal law enforcement agency
a U.S. government agency or office whose primary functional responsibility is to enforce federal criminal laws
Kansas City Experiment
the first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the Police Foundation, it focused on the practice of preventative patrol
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration(LEAAA)
a now-defunct federal agency founded under Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to funnel federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies
municipal police department
a city or town based law enforcement agency. Also known as local police
new police
a police force formed in 1829 under the command of Sir Robert Peel. It became the model for modern-day police forces throughout the Western world. Also called the Metropolitan Police Force
night watch
an early form of police patrol in English cities and towns
private protective service
an independent or proprietary commercial organization that provides protective services to employers on a contractual basis
scientific police management
the application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources
sheriff
the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency. The sheriff is usually responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail
statute of Winchester
a law written in 1285, that created a watch and ward system in English cities and town and that codified early police practices
sworn officer
a law enforcement officer who is trained and empowered to perform full police duties, such as making arrests, conducting investigations, and carrying firearms
Wickersham Commission
the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement; in 1931, the commission issued a report stating that Prohibition was unenforceable and carried a great potential for police corruption
vigilantism
the act of taking the law into one’s own hands
CompStat
a crime-analysis and police-management process, built on crime mapping, that was developed by the New York City police Department in the mid-1990s
chain of command
the unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to the lowest
community policing
a collaborative effort between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems
crime prevention
the anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to eliminate or reduce it
crime scene
the physical area in which a crime is thought to have occurred and in which evidence of the crime is thought to reside
crime scene investigator
an expert trained in the use of forensic techniques, such as gathering DNA evidence, collecting fingerprints, photographing the scene, sketching, and interviewing witnesses
