Test 3, 150 CH 7 & 8

Question 1

Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?

Answer 1

Weeks v. U.S.

Question 2

purpose of a writ of certiorari

Answer 2

allows appellate courts to review the record of a lower court case

Question 3

in what situation can an exigent circumstances search be conducted?

Answer 3

when there is clear danger of the destruction of evidence

Question 4

According to the Supreme Court, the police may conduct a “stop and frisk” without a warrant based on ________ _________

Answer 4

reasonable suspision

Question 5

When are the police required to read the Miranda warnings to a suspect?

Answer 5

before questioning the arrested suspect

Question 6

How do new police officers enter the police subculture?

Answer 6

they are socialized into the subculture

Question 7

Which of the following is the most serious type of corruption?

Answer 7

denial of civil rights

Question 8

In most big city police departments, which branch is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department?

Answer 8

Internal Affairs Division

Question 9

Agencies such as CALEA provide _________ to police departments that meet specified minimum professional standards

Answer 9

accreditation

Question 10

Prior to the Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee v. Garner, the use of deadly force by the police was governed by the _______ _______ rule

Answer 10

fleeing felon

Question 11

Warren Court

Answer 11

focused on guaranteeing individual rights during criminal prosecution by holding the criminal justice system to strict procedural requirements

Question 12

Which amendments support the requirement of due process?

Answer 12

4, 5, 6, and 14

Question 13

landmark cases

Answer 13

produce major changes in our justice system(important case laws)

Question 14

Fourth Amendment

Answer 14

protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 15

Exclusionary rule:

Answer 15

evidence illegally seized by police in violation of a defendant’s constitutional rights cannot be used in a trial

Question 16

Mapp v. Ohio

Answer 16

extends exclusionary rule to state level

Question 17

fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine

Answer 17

illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial

Question 18

Chimel v. California

Answer 18

warrantless search incident to arrest is limited to area in suspect’s immediate control(if you’re on the couch when found, only the couch can be searched)

Question 19

Georgia v. Randolph

Answer 19

Officers may not conduct a warrantless search if one resident gives permission, but the other refuses(roommates sharing a home)

Question 20

Warren Court

Answer 20

• included Mapp v. Ohio
• liberal or “progressive” court

Question 21

Burger Court

Answer 21

• emphasized social order and communal safety
• criminal defendants had most of the responsibility in showing that the police went beyond the law in the performance of their duties

Question 22

Rehnquist Court

Answer 22

• limited exclusionary rule
• broadened police powers
• limited opportunities for appeals by offenders
• overall conservative approach

Question 23

Roberts Court

Answer 23

• conservative nature
• eroding the exclusionary rule, only using it if there is an intentional or reckless violation of 4th amendment rights
• often rules in favor of police acting in good faith

Question 24

good faith exception

Answer 24

regarding the exclusionary rule, it allows evidence seized in good faith to be used in court, even if the search was later ruled illegal

Question 25

plain-view doctrine

Answer 25

officers may seize evidence in plain view without a warrant if they are in a place where they have a legal right to be(cannot create plain view situation by moving things)

Question 26

anticipatory warrants

Answer 26

issued based on probable cause to believe that evidence, although not present in a specific place, will be there when the warrant is executed

Question 27

U.S. v. Grubbs

Answer 27

affirmed that anticipatory warrants are constitutional

Question 28

arrest

Answer 28

- the act of taking someone into physical custody - a seizure under the 4th amendment

Question 29

investigative detention

Answer 29

- can hold someone until you gain reasonable suspicion to arrest

Question 30

misdemeanor arrest

Answer 30

typically only allowed when the crime was committed in the officer's presence

Question 31

felony arrest

Answer 31

if an officer does NOT see it occurring, an arrest can be warrantless if probable cause can be established

Question 32

Terry stops

Answer 32

brief stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion (Terry v. Ohio)

Question 33

exigent circumstances

Answer 33

need for emergency circumstances

Question 34

fleeing targets exception

Answer 34

exception to the exclusionary rule that permits police to search a car based on probable cause without a warrant, justified by the fact that vehicles are highway mobile and can leave police jurisdiction quickly

Question 35

roadblocks and mv checkpoints

Answer 35

they are constitutional if they are essential to community warfare

Question 36

suspicionless searches

Answer 36

a need to ensure public safety may provide compelling interest to justify limiting the right to privacy

Question 37

high-technology searches

Answer 37

cannot legally use thermal cameras to search a home from the outside

Question 38

ethical concerns regarding informants

Answer 38

paying them is a big question mark

Question 39

informant coercion

Answer 39

tactics that fall short of physical abuse that are used to get an admission out of people

Question 40

body-cavity searches

Answer 40

heroin is smuggled in balloons

Question 41

police culture and subculture

Answer 41

a particular set of values, beliefs, and acceptable forms of behavior characteristics of police

Question 42

police working personality

Answer 42

all aspects of the traditional values and patterns of behavior evidenced by police officers who have been effectively socialized into police subculture

Question 43

what major national event became a model for police departments to follow in times of crisis in keeping the public informed directly via social media without the intervention of media outlets?

Answer 43

the Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013

Question 44

______ ______ describes the police maintaining the status quo by using interventions with short-term effects to keep society stable and functioning by acceptable rules

Answer 44

order maintainance

Question 45

_______ policing is associated with production as measured in arrests and tickets written

Answer 45

legalistic

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between DNA technology and television shows such as CSI?

Answer 46

the advent of television shows such as CSI could be attributed to the increased use of crime lab analysis of evidence from crime scenes

Question 47

the _______ style of policing involves the principal function as order maintenance rather than law enforcement in cases that do not involve serious crime

Answer 47

watchman

Question 48

some leaders believe that ________ ______ courses provide the best background for police officers in a multicultural society

Answer 48

liberal arts

Question 49

which of the following was NOT identified in the text as a benefit of higher education in police work?

Answer 49

it leads to a more complex value system

Question 50

the ________ _______ _______ ______ ______ is an international association established in 1963 to foster professional and scholarly activities in the field of criminal justice

Answer 50

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences

Question 51

Which of the following statements is NOT true about officers with the best performance evaluations?

Answer 51

they are more authoritarian

Question 52

during the _____ _____, officers are considered to be "at will"

Answer 52

probationary period

Question 53

T/F Miranda rights are extended to illegal immigrants

Answer 53

true

Question 54

Knapp Commission

Answer 54

a committee that investigated police corruption in NYC in the early 70s

Question 55

cynicism, authoritarianism, and suspicion

Answer 55

characteristics of police subculture

Question 56

what are the two sources of police personality

Answer 56

pre-existing characteristics driving people to policing, and socialization into police subculture

Question 57

police corruption

Answer 57

the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain

Question 58

occupational deviance

Answer 58

motivated by the desire for personal profit

Question 59

grass eaters

Answer 59

commit minor crimes from time to time in the course of their daily activity

Question 60

meat eaters

Answer 60

actively seek illicit opportunities

Question 61

what does the FBI say is important for its agents to combat corruption?

Answer 61

increased ethics training of both new and experienced officers

Question 62

social responsibility to adhere to moral duty

Answer 62

ethics is a slippery slope