Test 4 Multiple Choice Flashcards
Big three
FDR(America), Churchill(England), Stalin(Soviet Union)
Communist (eastern) bloc
Communist states in eastern and central Europe
Berlin airlift
Soviet blockade of Berlin
Western allies airlifted supplies to West Berlin
Truman doctrine
US doctrine saying they would support all free people’s resistance to communism
Hydrogen bomb
Nuclear fusion
1,000x stronger than atomic bomb
MAD (mutually assured destruction)
Nuclear compatibility was a deterrent against nuclear war
Containment “domino theory”
If one country fell under communist control so would it’s neighboring countries
Containment=American policy to counter communist expansion
House un-American activities committee (HUAC)
Weed out potential communists in America
First world “free world”
Free world (from communism) US, Western Europe, Japan
Second world
Communist
USSR and communist bloc
Third world
Former colonies
Everybody else
Nikita Khrushchev
Critical of Stalin->de-stalinization
“Secret speech”
Critique of Stalin and Khrushchev’s plan
Khrushchev
Welfare state
Concept in which the government plays a key role in the protection and well-being of citizens
China/Mao Zedong
Chinese communist leader
Indian independence/creation of Pakistan
UK granted independence and split Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
Ghana/Kwame Nkrumah
First independent African leader
Led Ghana to Independence from Britain
Negritude (leopold senghor)
Unites Africans culturally and socially
Algerian war
France vs. Algeria = Algeria gains independence
Afrikaner Nationalist party
Governing party of South Africa
Apartheid, republic, South African culture
Viet Cong
Communist guerilla fighters against south Vietnam
Vietnam war
Communist north vs. non-communist South
Vietnamization
U.S withdrawing troops and placing responsibility on the south Vietnamese government
Some Cesaire’s “Discourse on Colonialism”
A poet who wrote about the injustice and horrors of colonialism
Self-centered and not trying to help the colonies
Simone de Beauvoir
Feminist writer who wrote about how gender is a construct
Hannah Arendt/Totalitarianism
Describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism
Prevent people from fighting back and take people’s desire away to do so
Cuba/Fidel Castro
Prime minister and then president of Cuba
Bay of pigs invasion
CIA tries to take over Cuba
JFK and RFK
President and Secretary of State
1960’s mass culture
Rock and roll, pop art, television, Hollywood, rebelling
Rock and roll
New themes/lyrics
Portable radios
Abstract Impressionism
Modern art
Pop art
Art using images from popular and mass culture
National organization for women (NOW)
To take action and bring about equality for women
Civil rights movement
Struggle for social justice for black people to have equal rights
NAACP
Civil rights organization to advance justice for black people
School desegregation (brown vs. board of education)
Supreme Court case that ended with segregated schools being unconstitutional
Malcolm X/Black Nationalism
Leader of black nationalism
Critical of King’s approach->he was more violent
Urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression by “any means necessary”
Great society
Lyndon b Johnson
Largest social reform plan in modern history
Main goals=ending poverty, reducing crime, abolishing inequality, and improving the environment
War on poverty
Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty following a national poverty rate of 19%
Set of initiatives proposed by Johnson (food stamps, work-study, Medicaid, Medicare)
Vietnam war protests/Kent state massacre
Ohio national guard shot at unarmed college students protesting the war (killed 4)
Tet offensive
Coordinated series of north Vietnamese attacks on south Vietnam
Eroded American support for the war
Prague spring
During the Cold War people from Czechoslovakia began campaigning for more freedom and reform against communism
Czech people turning their backs on communism
Called Prague spring because it was a time of hope
Brezhnev Doctrine
Said the Soviet Union has the right to use military force to maintain the strict rule of the communist party
Margaret thatcher
British prime minister
Very unpopular
Cut social welfare programs, privatized certain industries
Boost economy conservatively
Glasnost and peristroika
Openness and economic reform
Gorbachev
Fall of Berlin Wall (reunification of Germany)
The East German government opened the border up
People started chipping away at the wall in celebration
“Velvet” revolutions
Non-violent overthrow of communism in Czechoslovakia
Collapse of the Soviet Union (generally)
Gorbachevs policies weakened the Soviet Union rather than strengthened it
Poverty, unemployment, and civil wars
Commonwealth of independent states (CIS)
Formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Russian “Wild West”
Lawless time in Russia
Warlords and instability
No clear rules for capitalist system
Dayton accords
Peace agreement for Croats and Serbs
Boundaries of Yugoslavia; territory
Globalization
Businesses and organizations developing international influence
Zimbabwe/Robert Mugabe
Leader of Zimbabwe since it’s independence
Crimes against humanity
-suffering economically, media freedoms taken away, starvation
F.W. De Clerk
White South African President that released Mandela and ended apartheid
Fall of apartheid/1994 elections (Nelson Mandela)
Nelson Mandela became president
Apartheid over
