Test 3 Multiple Choice Flashcards
German mobilization/arms race
British concerned about growing Germany army
Resulted in costly building competition
Balkan powder keg
Tense feeling of the people in the Balkan region
Spark that set off the war
Assassination by a Serbian(Balkan) of the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne (Franz Ferdinand)
Black Hand
Secret Serbian military group that played a part in assassinating Franz Ferdinand
No man’s land/“project power forward”
Area of land between two enemy trenches
Open land, barbed wire and machine guns
Western front stalemate
Defense was stronger than offense
New weaponry, trench warfare
German U-boats
German submarine
Irish Easter Sunday revolt
Irish nationalist uprising against Britain to declare an Irish Republic (independence!)
Zimmerman telegram
German telegram to Mexico intercepted by Britain and shared with the U.S.
Said if U.S. entered the war, Germany would support Mexico
Germany unrestricted submarine warfare
Germans would take ANY ship down
Led u.s. into WWI
Russian February revolution of 1917
Monarchy overthrown and replaced with a provisional(emergency) government
Triggered by food shortages
Leon Trotsky/Petrograd Soviet
Leader of the Soviet/communist Red army
Workers council representing the peasants
Vladimir Lenin
Russian communist revolutionary
Organize attack on provisions gov’t and declare soviet rule of Russian state
Head of gov’t of Soviet Russia
Russian October revolution of 1917
Pulled Russia out of WWI
Ended in Bolshevik/Soviet led Russia
Soviet Russian Republic
Worlds first constitutionally communist state
Armistice Day (11/11/18)
Ended fighting between allies and their last opponent (Germany)
Paris Peace Conference
Meeting of the allied powers to set peace terms for the defeated central power
Involved diplomats from many different countries
Woodrow Wilson
President of United States
One of the big four in the Paris peace conference
Fourteen points
Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations following WWI
German war reparations
Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allied nations
Russian civil war (reds vs whites vs greens)
Communists vs everyone else (greens=renegade peasants)
Red army
Bolsheviks/communists
Agricultural collectivization and heavy industrialization
Stalin’s first 5 year plan called for this
Stalin’s first five-year plan
Industrialization and urbanization
Any other program was cut
Quantity over quality
Protestor sent to forced labor camps
Stalin’s great purges
Eliminate all real and potential enemies
No one was safe
Black shirts/March on Rome
Fascist militia
King is forced to hand over power
Il Duce
Supreme leader in Italian
Friedrich Ebert
Leader of the social democrat movement in Germany
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitlers attempt to take over Bavaria from Munich
Fails->hitler imprisoned->increases fame
Nazi germany “monolithic efficiency”
One-party state
SS/Heinrich Himmler
Hitlers terror group (elite army)
Himmler led
Completely loyal to hitler
The gestapo
Secret german police
Hitler youth
Modeled on the Boy Scouts and taught Nazi ideology
Nazi racism/anti-semitism
Hitler placed blame on the Jewish people for Germany’s economic issues
Nuremberg Decree
All Jews are not citizens
Defined by bloodline
Great Depression
Credit, risky investments, war debt
Economic global crisis
Began in US
Ends with policy changes-> government helps people
US Stock market crash (1929)
People buying on credit/banks lending out too much money
People tried to withdraw their money from banks->banks closed
Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
Led the US through the Great Depression and WWII
Albert Einstein/relativity and quantum physics
Physicist that studied space and time
WWII Main Causes
- European power balance (rise of Germany and Japan)
- mass ideologies (anti-semitism, nationalism)
- harsh german punishment
- league of nation failure
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement to outlaw the use of war to resolve conflicts
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- Japanese wanted to expand
- League of nations did nothing
Greater Pacific Co-Prosperity Sphere
Freedom and independence from western colonial oppression
Promoted the cultural and economic unity of Asian nations
Japanese empire
Want to expand
Japanese invasion of China/rape of Nanjing
The rape and murder of thousands of honest civilians by Japanese soldiers
German Lebensraum (“Living Space”)
Expansion to provide living space for the growing german race
Munich conference
Hitler trying to obtain Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) legally
Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
Agreement hitler won’t go after Russia
Hitlers invasion of poland
Starts WWII
Britain and France declare war on Germany
Winter War (Finland)
Soviets defeat Finland
Winston Churchill
British prime minister
Led Britain from brink of defeat
Battle of the Atlantic
Fight for control of Atlantic sea routes
Submarines and battleships
Enigma machine/Ultra/Bletchley Park
Used to decipher German code
Intelligence=ultra (codename)
Bletchley Park=home of WWII code breakers
North Africa (Erwin Rommel and Africa Korps)
German force in Africa during WWII
Respected military commander “desert fox”
Philippines (Corregidor and Bataan death march)
Death march=forced transfer of American and Filipino prisoners of war
Battle of Corregidor = Japanese victory over Philippines
Hitlers “New Order”
Political order hitler wanted to impose on his conquered areas
Yugoslavia (Tito)
Successful anti-Nazi communist resistance group
Einsatzgruppen
German death squad
