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Western Civilizations > Test 1 Short Answer > Flashcards

Test 1 Short Answer Flashcards

1
Q

King Louis XVI

A

Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy

Couldn’t stop/prevent the rebellions
Found guilty of treason and beheaded

France

French Revolution Time Period

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2
Q

3rd Estate/National Assembly

A

Made up of middle class and poor

Revolt against the system and refuse to pay all taxes

Declare themselves the National Assembly (representation for all of France)

Start of French Revolution time period

France

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3
Q

Sans-culottes

A

A lower class extreme revolutionary

Wore pants all the way to the ground (workers)
-distinguishing themselves culturally

French Revolution

France

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4
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

3rd estate members

Storm the Bastille (a symbol of the monarchy’s dictoral rule)

Mod demands artillery->denied->governerp gets beheaded

One of the defining moments of the French Revolution

French Revolution

France

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5
Q

Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen

A

Declared natural rights for all “citizens” (all human men)
-freedom of speech, religion, Assembly, etc

One of the most important papers of the French Revolution

Set by the National Assembly

French Revolution

France

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6
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

Law that puts the church under the control of the state

Significantly reduced the power of the Catholic Church

French Revolution time period

France

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7
Q

French Republic

A

New government that lasted until Napoleon took over

First government after the fall of the monarchy
-establishment of the national convention

French Revolution

France

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8
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Period of violence and bloodshed after the First French Republic was founded

Government killings on counterrevolutionaries

French Revolution

France

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9
Q

Thermidorian reaction

A

A reaction to the reign of terror after the execution of Maximilian Robespierre

  • jacobins(radicalists) put to guillotine
  • released all suspects from jail

French Revolution

France

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10
Q

The directory

A

New leaders after the end of the national convention

Consisted of 5 men (not super powerful) who are corrupt

French Revolution

France

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11
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte/Coup d’etat

A

Overthrows the French government and eventually declares himself emperor

Institutes a number of new reforms and laws

Last stage in French Revolution

Empirical/Napoleon Period

France

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12
Q

Napoleonic code

A

New legal code consisting of enlightenment ideas

Equality, more fair trials, education, allows church more freedom

Napoleon period

France

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13
Q

Continental system

A

Napoleon forbids import of British goods

Attempts to isolate England economically (it fails)
-French are hurt more by this (people revolt)

Napoleon Period

France/England

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14
Q

Napoleons invasion of Russia

A

Russia tries to get around the continental system so Napoleon invades

Russian winter had started which killed many French troops and forced Napoleon to retreat

Napoleon Period

France/Russia

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15
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

After Napoleon returns from first exile other countries band together to fight him

France/Napoleon loses and he is exiled again

End of Napoleon Period (hundred days)

In The Netherlands

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16
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

Leader of the Haitian slave rebellion

He was a former slave that led the rebellion to victory (became new governor)

Haiti

French Revolution Period

17
Q

Industrial “revolution”

A

A series of revolutionary industrial achievements in different places and at different times (gradual)

Time of new technology, power sources, urbanization, and investing/capital

Industrial revolution period

All across Europe

18
Q

Industrialization in Britain

A

Britain was the first to industrialize

They were a compact global power with means of easy transportation and lots of resources

Industrial revolution period

England

19
Q

“Second” industrial revolution

A

Expansion and use of electricity and oil
-also telegraph, telephone, and chemical advances

Industrial Age

All across Europe

20
Q

Growth of cities (urbanization)

A

People flocked to cities for work

So many people led to unsanitary conditions, poor working conditions, environmental problems, labor problems

Industrial revolution period

All over Europe

21
Q

Middle class (bourgeoisie)

A

Middle class above the working class with much better living and working conditions

Overly concerned with respectability

Industrial revolution

Western/centra Europe

22
Q

Gender roles/separate spheres

A 
Working class women
-must work AND take care of the home
Middle class women
-stay at home and take care of home/children

Industrial revolution

All over Europe

23
Q

European uniqueness theory

A

Theory that there is something special about white Europeans

Their job is to spread white European culture

Industrial revolution

Central/Western Europe

24
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Closes the French Revolution and restores monarchy system

Goal to establish a balance of power in Europe

End of Napoleon era

Austria (Vienna)

25
Q

Monroe doctrine

A

Keeps Europe from interfering in South America (newly independent countries)

America doing so for economic/political gain

America doctrine against Europe

26
Q

Decembrist revolt

A

Revolt led by army officers against Russian gov’t after the czar dies

Wanted political/social reforms and opposed the new czar taking power

Russia

27
Q

Louis-Philippe

A

Took over as king of France after Charles X

He was more liberal and brought stability back to France

France

28
Q

1832 reform bill

A

Modest small change in the electoral system

Government showing they were listening to the middle/working class

Great Britain

Western Civilizations (8 decks)

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