Test 1 Short Answer Flashcards
King Louis XVI
Last king of France before the fall of the monarchy
Couldn’t stop/prevent the rebellions
Found guilty of treason and beheaded
France
French Revolution Time Period
3rd Estate/National Assembly
Made up of middle class and poor
Revolt against the system and refuse to pay all taxes
Declare themselves the National Assembly (representation for all of France)
Start of French Revolution time period
France
Sans-culottes
A lower class extreme revolutionary
Wore pants all the way to the ground (workers)
-distinguishing themselves culturally
French Revolution
France
Storming of the Bastille
3rd estate members
Storm the Bastille (a symbol of the monarchy’s dictoral rule)
Mod demands artillery->denied->governerp gets beheaded
One of the defining moments of the French Revolution
French Revolution
France
Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
Declared natural rights for all “citizens” (all human men)
-freedom of speech, religion, Assembly, etc
One of the most important papers of the French Revolution
Set by the National Assembly
French Revolution
France
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Law that puts the church under the control of the state
Significantly reduced the power of the Catholic Church
French Revolution time period
France
French Republic
New government that lasted until Napoleon took over
First government after the fall of the monarchy
-establishment of the national convention
French Revolution
France
Reign of Terror
Period of violence and bloodshed after the First French Republic was founded
Government killings on counterrevolutionaries
French Revolution
France
Thermidorian reaction
A reaction to the reign of terror after the execution of Maximilian Robespierre
- jacobins(radicalists) put to guillotine
- released all suspects from jail
French Revolution
France
The directory
New leaders after the end of the national convention
Consisted of 5 men (not super powerful) who are corrupt
French Revolution
France
Napoleon Bonaparte/Coup d’etat
Overthrows the French government and eventually declares himself emperor
Institutes a number of new reforms and laws
Last stage in French Revolution
Empirical/Napoleon Period
France
Napoleonic code
New legal code consisting of enlightenment ideas
Equality, more fair trials, education, allows church more freedom
Napoleon period
France
Continental system
Napoleon forbids import of British goods
Attempts to isolate England economically (it fails)
-French are hurt more by this (people revolt)
Napoleon Period
France/England
Napoleons invasion of Russia
Russia tries to get around the continental system so Napoleon invades
Russian winter had started which killed many French troops and forced Napoleon to retreat
Napoleon Period
France/Russia
Battle of Waterloo
After Napoleon returns from first exile other countries band together to fight him
France/Napoleon loses and he is exiled again
End of Napoleon Period (hundred days)
In The Netherlands
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Leader of the Haitian slave rebellion
He was a former slave that led the rebellion to victory (became new governor)
Haiti
French Revolution Period
Industrial “revolution”
A series of revolutionary industrial achievements in different places and at different times (gradual)
Time of new technology, power sources, urbanization, and investing/capital
Industrial revolution period
All across Europe
Industrialization in Britain
Britain was the first to industrialize
They were a compact global power with means of easy transportation and lots of resources
Industrial revolution period
England
“Second” industrial revolution
Expansion and use of electricity and oil
-also telegraph, telephone, and chemical advances
Industrial Age
All across Europe
Growth of cities (urbanization)
People flocked to cities for work
So many people led to unsanitary conditions, poor working conditions, environmental problems, labor problems
Industrial revolution period
All over Europe
Middle class (bourgeoisie)
Middle class above the working class with much better living and working conditions
Overly concerned with respectability
Industrial revolution
Western/centra Europe
Gender roles/separate spheres
Working class women -must work AND take care of the home
Middle class women -stay at home and take care of home/children
Industrial revolution
All over Europe
European uniqueness theory
Theory that there is something special about white Europeans
Their job is to spread white European culture
Industrial revolution
Central/Western Europe
Congress of Vienna
Closes the French Revolution and restores monarchy system
Goal to establish a balance of power in Europe
End of Napoleon era
Austria (Vienna)
Monroe doctrine
Keeps Europe from interfering in South America (newly independent countries)
America doing so for economic/political gain
America doctrine against Europe
Decembrist revolt
Revolt led by army officers against Russian gov’t after the czar dies
Wanted political/social reforms and opposed the new czar taking power
Russia
Louis-Philippe
Took over as king of France after Charles X
He was more liberal and brought stability back to France
France
1832 reform bill
Modest small change in the electoral system
Government showing they were listening to the middle/working class
Great Britain
