Test 1 Multiple Choice Flashcards
French Revolution
Main idea
Far-reaching social and political upheaval in France.
Culmination of frustrations (rule by absolute monarch)
Questioning social order
(Woman’s role, slaves, Catholic Church)
Four stages of the French Revolution
- National Assembly
- Republic and Terror
(Leadership executing anyone they suspected might be against the revolution) - Thermidor and directory (group of 5 men who held executive power)
- Napoleon
Class conflict theory
Competing between the classes
All worked together to overthrow the king
Blurred lines between classes
Three estates
- Clergy
- Nobility
- Everyone else (middle class, peasants, etc.)
Physiocrats
Believed the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of agriculture
Agriculture=wealth
Estates general
Representative body of the three estates
Supposed to have power to change laws but usually ignored by the king
Tennis court oath
Third estate meets here and says they will create a New France
October days of 1789
Poor harvest->Parisian woman demand bread at city hall->denied->marched 12 miles to Versailles to confront royal family
Passive vs. Active Citizens
Passive=everyone
Active Citizens=vote, hold office (landowning white male)
French constitution of 1791
First written constitution in France
(By the National Assembly)
Enlightenment goals
Limited monarchy
Rights for male citizens
Ended church interference in government
Lasted less than a year
Edmund Burke
Counterrevolutionary
Rights are not natural, but bound to tradition
National convention
New government in France
Organized as a republic (no monarchy)
Trial and execution of king Louis XVI
He was found to be co spiting with foreign powers
Tried and executed by national convention
Committee on public safety
12 people
Go after potential enemies of the revolution
Maximilian Robespierre
Director/father of the reign of terror
President of the national convention
The vendee
Peasant protests against priests who had persecuted them long enough
Grand Armee
Army commanded by Napoleon in the napoleonic wars
Battle of Trafalgar / Horatio Nelson
Naval battle fought by the British against French/Spanish
Horatio Nelson led the British to victory
Peninsular War
France against Spain/Portugal
Napoleon loses
Defeat of Napoleon/Exile to Elba
Battle of the nations (napoleons enemies united against him)
He lost the battle and was forced to step down
He was then exiled to Elba
St. Helena
After Napoleon came back from Elba (for 100 days)
He was exiled to St. Helena where he died
Saint Domingue(Haiti)/slave rebellion
Free men want representation in the National Assembly
National Assembly says no-ANGER
Slaves rebel
Ended slavery and French control in Haiti
Protestant ethic
You make yourself wealthy “help yourself”
Objectifies the poor
Middle class “respectability”
Merchant class
“Respectable”
Cult of domesticity
Middle class women should stay at home/take care of kids
Working class life (General characteristics)
Unsanitary living conditions
Women in the workforce
Factories and sweatshops
Domestic service
Class consciousness
Concept of time and routine
Industrial slavery “machines will hurt you”
Lack of job security
Separation of classes
Consequences of industrialization
Free trade
New countries
New political theory (class based society)
Restoration of monarchies
Congress of Vienna restores monarchies
Balance of power
No one nation in Europe should be super powerful
Concert of Europe
Countries support each other if revolutions broke out
Latin American uprisings (who led them)
Simon bolivar- South American revolutionary figure
Successful revolution led to the creation of new countries
Czar Nicholas I
New czar of Russia
New code of law
Modernization & organization
1830 French “revolution”
Charles X imposed strict rules (claiming absolute monarchy)and the people revolted
Louis-Philippe is put on throne
King Charles X of France/July Ordinances
Set of rules intended to prevent revolution (like limiting the press)
Caused revolution
July Monarchy
Louis-Philippe’s reign
Peterloo Massacre/Six Acts
Workers rising up->British militia fire at them
Government implements reforms so revolutions don’t happen
Rotten (pocket) Burroughs
Representative district with little to no people
How the Tories (conservatives) kept power
Tories vs Whigs
Tories=conservative
Whigs=liberal
Corn laws/anti-corn law league
Tariffs and restrictions on imported food and grain enforced in Great Britain
Anti-corn law league successful political movement against corn laws
FREE TRADE
Chartist movement
Every man in Britain could vote
End of trans Atlantic slave trade
Britain!!!!!!
Conservatism
Backlash on liberalism
Favored tradition, monarchy, noble privilege, the church, natural social hierarchy
Liberalism
Everyone should be equal Should select leader Right to revolt Free trade Natural rights
John Locke
Natural rights
Life, liberty, and property
Jeremy Bentham
Everyone should do what makes them happy
This will give success in society (if you’re good at it)
Utilitarianism
Action is right if it tends to promote happiness
Left wing radical republicans
Radical liberals
More people voting, more allowed citizenship
Socialism
More cooperative
Everyone shares economic power
People are equal socially
Redistribution of power
Organization of ideal communities “hippies”
Karl Marx/Marxism
Father of Communism
Materialism
