TEST 4-Immune System Flashcards
Skin
waterproof-not very moist
extremely effective barrier
Non-Specific Defenses
skin, mucus membranes, body chemistry
Things that can directly penetrate the skin
athlete’s foot, ringworm (fungi)
worts, herpes
Mucus Membranes
layer of pliable tissue that secretes mucus
Mucus
moist
provides cover that pathogens can’t get through
is acidic and contains antibodies
Types of External Body Chemistry
skin tears saliva stomach acid urine
Skin in External Body Chemistry
acidic
oils>fatty acids
sweats>salt, lysozymes (enzyme that breaks down bacteria)
Tears in External Body Chemistry
lysozymes
constantly produced to clear off surface of the eye
Stomach Acid in External Body Chemistry
has a pH level of 2
Types of Internal Chemistry
inflammatory response
interferons
Process of Inflammatory Response
circulating chemicals send out an alarm-histamines>blood vessels dialate>white blood cells move into engulf invaders>blood clots (scab is a temporary seal)>if more invaders>fever
What happens when blood vessels dilate
increased blood flow to the area, flush wound
increases temperature-slows down growth of invaders
Macrophages
big eaters
Phagocytes
to eat/cell
Pus
dead bacteria, dead white blood cells, plasma
What is in the blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
Red Blood Cells
carry oxygen
no nucleus
produced in bone marrow
White Blood Cells
normal job is to eat old red blood cells
have a nucleus>can divide
Job of Platelets
clot blood
Plasma
liquid
water (90%)
glucose, CO2, proteins, hormones, ions (10%)
Interferons
only work against viruses
proteins used by cells to prevent viral infection of cells
Process of interferons in a cell
virus inserts its DNA into cell’s (host) nucleus> turns cell into virus making factory
When a cell is attacked
produces interferons>warning to other cells>can’t save itself by helps others
tightens cell membrane
Specific Immunity
antigens, antibodies, antibiotics
Antigen
foreign protein
Antibody
protein that inactivates antigens
signal for macrophages and phagocytes to eat
specific for each antigen
Antibiotic
chemical produced by fungi to kill bacteria
Vaccinations
contain an antigen with virus that is inactive
presents body with antigens to make B memory cells
