TEST 4-Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

waterproof-not very moist

extremely effective barrier

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2
Q

Non-Specific Defenses

A

skin, mucus membranes, body chemistry

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3
Q

Things that can directly penetrate the skin

A

athlete’s foot, ringworm (fungi)

worts, herpes

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4
Q

Mucus Membranes

A

layer of pliable tissue that secretes mucus

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5
Q

Mucus

A

moist
provides cover that pathogens can’t get through
is acidic and contains antibodies

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6
Q

Types of External Body Chemistry

A
skin
tears
saliva
stomach acid
urine
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7
Q

Skin in External Body Chemistry

A

acidic
oils>fatty acids
sweats>salt, lysozymes (enzyme that breaks down bacteria)

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8
Q

Tears in External Body Chemistry

A

lysozymes

constantly produced to clear off surface of the eye

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9
Q

Stomach Acid in External Body Chemistry

A

has a pH level of 2

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10
Q

Types of Internal Chemistry

A

inflammatory response

interferons

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11
Q

Process of Inflammatory Response

A

circulating chemicals send out an alarm-histamines>blood vessels dialate>white blood cells move into engulf invaders>blood clots (scab is a temporary seal)>if more invaders>fever

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12
Q

What happens when blood vessels dilate

A

increased blood flow to the area, flush wound

increases temperature-slows down growth of invaders

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13
Q

Macrophages

A

big eaters

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14
Q

Phagocytes

A

to eat/cell

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15
Q

Pus

A

dead bacteria, dead white blood cells, plasma

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16
Q

What is in the blood

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

17
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

carry oxygen
no nucleus
produced in bone marrow

18
Q

White Blood Cells

A

normal job is to eat old red blood cells

have a nucleus>can divide

19
Q

Job of Platelets

A

clot blood

20
Q

Plasma

A

liquid
water (90%)
glucose, CO2, proteins, hormones, ions (10%)

21
Q

Interferons

A

only work against viruses

proteins used by cells to prevent viral infection of cells

22
Q

Process of interferons in a cell

A

virus inserts its DNA into cell’s (host) nucleus> turns cell into virus making factory

23
Q

When a cell is attacked

A

produces interferons>warning to other cells>can’t save itself by helps others
tightens cell membrane

24
Q

Specific Immunity

A

antigens, antibodies, antibiotics

25
Antigen
foreign protein
26
Antibody
protein that inactivates antigens signal for macrophages and phagocytes to eat specific for each antigen
27
Antibiotic
chemical produced by fungi to kill bacteria
28
Vaccinations
contain an antigen with virus that is inactive | presents body with antigens to make B memory cells