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Field And Lab Biology > TEST 4-Immune System > Flashcards

TEST 4-Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Skin

A

waterproof-not very moist

extremely effective barrier

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2
Q

Non-Specific Defenses

A

skin, mucus membranes, body chemistry

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3
Q

Things that can directly penetrate the skin

A

athlete’s foot, ringworm (fungi)

worts, herpes

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4
Q

Mucus Membranes

A

layer of pliable tissue that secretes mucus

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5
Q

Mucus

A

moist
provides cover that pathogens can’t get through
is acidic and contains antibodies

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6
Q

Types of External Body Chemistry

A 
skin
tears
saliva
stomach acid
urine
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7
Q

Skin in External Body Chemistry

A

acidic
oils>fatty acids
sweats>salt, lysozymes (enzyme that breaks down bacteria)

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8
Q

Tears in External Body Chemistry

A

lysozymes

constantly produced to clear off surface of the eye

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9
Q

Stomach Acid in External Body Chemistry

A

has a pH level of 2

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10
Q

Types of Internal Chemistry

A

inflammatory response

interferons

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11
Q

Process of Inflammatory Response

A

circulating chemicals send out an alarm-histamines>blood vessels dialate>white blood cells move into engulf invaders>blood clots (scab is a temporary seal)>if more invaders>fever

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12
Q

What happens when blood vessels dilate

A

increased blood flow to the area, flush wound

increases temperature-slows down growth of invaders

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13
Q

Macrophages

A

big eaters

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14
Q

Phagocytes

A

to eat/cell

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15
Q

Pus

A

dead bacteria, dead white blood cells, plasma

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16
Q

What is in the blood

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

17
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

carry oxygen
no nucleus
produced in bone marrow

18
Q

White Blood Cells

A

normal job is to eat old red blood cells

have a nucleus>can divide

19
Q

Job of Platelets

A

clot blood

20
Q

Plasma

A

liquid
water (90%)
glucose, CO2, proteins, hormones, ions (10%)

21
Q

Interferons

A

only work against viruses

proteins used by cells to prevent viral infection of cells

22
Q

Process of interferons in a cell

A

virus inserts its DNA into cell’s (host) nucleus> turns cell into virus making factory

23
Q

When a cell is attacked

A

produces interferons>warning to other cells>can’t save itself by helps others
tightens cell membrane

24
Q

Specific Immunity

A

antigens, antibodies, antibiotics

25
Q

Antigen

A

foreign protein

26
Q

Antibody

A

protein that inactivates antigens
signal for macrophages and phagocytes to eat
specific for each antigen

27
Q

Antibiotic

A

chemical produced by fungi to kill bacteria

28
Q

Vaccinations

A

contain an antigen with virus that is inactive

presents body with antigens to make B memory cells

Field And Lab Biology (21 decks)

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