TEST 4-Circulatory System Flashcards
Arteries
carry blood away from heart don't change blood, only transport travel in pairs with veins more pressure small diameter thicker wall (to keep pressure) elastic (to keep pressure)
Capillaries
exchange materials in the blood
materials leak in and out and blood stays in
small: red blood cells in single file
nutrients leave, exchanged with wastes
oxygen leaves, exchanged with carbon dioxide
blood flow slows down
leaky
Veins
blood comes to veins with low pressure carries blood to the heart travel in pairs with arteries lower pressure bigger diameter thinner walls
Semilunar
between ventricle and artery
found in the heart
Atrium
collects the blood
Ventricle
thick walls made of muscle
pumps the blood
2 Chambered Heart
fish
single circulation
body>vein>atrium>ventricle>artery>gills>body
3 Chambered Heart
amphibians and most reptiles
don’t need as much oxygen because exothermic
double circulation
body>heart>lungs/gills>heart>body
4 Chambered Heart
mammals and birds
need more oxygen because they’re endothermic
Path of Blood
vena cavas>right atrium>tricuspid valve>right ventricle [contracts]>pulmonary semilunar valve>pulmonary artery>lungs>pulmonary veins>left atrium>bicuspid valve>left ventricle>aortic semilunar valves>aorta>the body
Circulatory System
transport things
closed-blood is contained in vessels
Layers of the Heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epi-
outside
-cardium
heart
myo-
middle
endo-
inside
Epicardium
tissue outside of the heart
skin-like
Myocardium
muscle in the middle
majority of the heart
Endocardium
skin-like layer that lines the chambers
Systemic Circulations
systemic-all body systems except lungs
coronary, renal, hepatic
Coronary
from heart chambers to heart tissue (muscle) and back to the heart chambers
Renal
heart>kidneys>heart
kidneys remove waste (what our body makes) from blood
Hepatic
heart>liver>heart
liver removes toxins (something foreign) from blood
liver stores glucose and releases when the cells need it
Heart Rate
measured in beats per minutes
target-70 bpm
Types of Blood Vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
Valves
cuspid and semilunar
veins
keep blood from going backwards
Cuspid Valves
between atrium and ventricle, found in the heart
Vein Valves
prevent backflow of blood
if broken valves, walls of veins stretch and vericose veins happen
Heart Beat
valves snap shut during contraction lub-dub\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_lub-dub\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_lub-dub lub-cuspid valve dub-semilunar valve \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-heart relaxing
Heart Murmur
valves aren’t shutting completely
sounds aren’t distinct in heartbeat
Blood Pressure
pressure of blood in the arteries target>110/70 110>max pressure in the arteries 70>min pressure in the arteries 140/90>pre high blood pressure 180/100>high blood pressure
Causes of High Blood Pressure
something blocking flow of blood in arteries
