Test 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

the purpose of the brain is to __________

A

control behavior, movements, see, and hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a great brain without muscles would be like a computer without a monitor, printer, or other output. No matter how powerful the internal processing, it would be useless

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

smooth muscle found in the intestines are consists of _______

A

long, thin cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

whereas skeletal, or striated, muscle consists of ______

A

long cylindrical fibers with stripes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a _______ is a synapse between a motor neuron axon and a muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

movements can be more precise where each axon innervates only a _____

A

few fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

movement requires the alternating contraction of opposing sets of muscles called ____

A

antagonistic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

we rely on our slow-twitch and intermediate fibers for activities such as ____________. Choose all correct answers

A
  • talk
  • walk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whereas fast-twitch fibers are adapted for _____

A

speed, sprinting, running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

receptors that detect the position or movement of a part of the body are called _____

A

proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the ____________ keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world

A

posterior parietal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the __________ integrates information about the position and posture of the body; organizes the direction of the movement in space

A

premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the ________ is active during a delay before movement and stores sensory information relative to a movement

A

prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the _________ organizes rapid sequence of movements in a specific order

A

supplementary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the ___________ is a structure in the brain often associated with balance and coordination

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

there are more neurons in the ________ than in all other _______ areas combined

A

cerebellum/brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the _______ is a group of large subcortical structures in the forebrain

A

basal ganglia

18
Q

a movement disorder characterized by muscle tremors, rigidity, slow movements, and difficulty initiating physical and mental activity is called ______

A

Parkinson’s disease

19
Q

whereas the ____________ is a neurological disorder characterized by various motors symptoms

A

Huntington’s disease

20
Q

the drug ________ is the primary treatment for Parkinson’s

A

L-dopa

21
Q

brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease not only affect movement, but also impair mood, memory, and cognition

A

true

22
Q

mammals have circadian rhythms ____

A

for a variety of activities, including sleep

23
Q

the purpose of the circadian rhythm is to keep our internal workings in phase with the _____

A

outside world

24
Q

wxorking at night does not reliably change the circadian rhythm

A

true

25
Q

damage to the SCN results in no change in body rhythms that are synchronized to environmental patterns of light and dark

A

false

26
Q

suppose you work on a submarine with only artificial light. You are required to follow a schedule of working for 12 hours and then sleeping for 6. What rhythm, if any, will your alertness and body temperature show?

A

they will follow the usual rhythm of 24 hours

27
Q

what two types of genes are responsible for generating the circadian rhythm?

A
  • PER/TIM
  • period/timeless
28
Q

the SCN regulates the pineal gland, an endocrine gland located posterior to the thalamus that secretes _______

A

melatonin

29
Q

Les will be taking a trip, and he is worried about how to handle his jet lag. What advice would you give him?

A

he needs to sleep in a dark room

30
Q

after several hours of sleep, most people are ____

A

spending more time in REM sleep

31
Q

when we are awake, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called _____________ waves

A

beta

32
Q

when we are drowsy and relaxed, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ________ waves

A

alpha

33
Q

during stages 3 and 4 of sleep, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ___ waves

A

delta

34
Q

during stage 1 sleep, electrical changes on the scalp that reflect patterns of brain activity called ______ waves

A

theta

35
Q

during which stage of sleep do most people see dreams?

A

REM

36
Q

what are the two benefits of sleep?

A

saves energy/learning and remembering

37
Q

there are two theories of why we sleep. The first one is called the ________ theory, and the second one is called the _________ theory

A

none of these (rest/recration, dream/wish, repair/restoration)

38
Q

Emmanuel has a periodic limb movement disorder. When does he have the most trouble?

A

during NREM sleep

39
Q

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

A

she moves around as if she is acting out her dreams

40
Q

night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ___

A

occur during NREM sleep