Test 2 Flashcards
the central nervous system is made up of _____
the brain and spinal cord
together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____
peripheral nervous system
the cell bodies of the motor neurons are all located in the ____
gray matter of the spinal cord
myelinated axons that carry information to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord are mostly located in the __________
white matter
the ____________ consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
hindbrain
the ___________ contains the tectum, superior colliculus and inferior colliculus, tegmentum and substantia nigra
midbrain
four fluid-filled cavities within the brain’s central canal containing cerebrospinal fluid is called ___________
ventricles
the ___________ includes cerebral cortex that consists of occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes
forebrain
surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain is called _________
prefrontal lobotomy
application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet is called _________
transcranial magnetic stimulation
suppose you are interested in determining if the volume of the hippocampus is associated with the amount of stress a person was experiencing. Which method would be the best choice?
CAT
which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow?
PET
which technique is dependent upon the release of oxygen from hemoglobin molecules?
fMRI
a stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____
placing an electrode in the brain
which statement about the application of magnetic stimulation to the brain is accurate?
mild, brief magnetic stimulation produces brain activation
evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____
EEG
the prefrontal cortex is important for ____
working memory
what are the ways that genes change?
mutation, microdeletion, microduplication
a field that is concerned with changes in gene expression without the modification of the DNA sequence is called _______
epigenetics
the answer in #19 deals with how ____
experiences can turn genes on or off
units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are known as ____
genes
________ refers to how much characteristics depend on genetic differences
heritability
what three types of evidence do researchers rely on or study to determine the heritability of a characteristic?
identify specific genes linked to some behavior, study monozygotic and dizygotic twins, study adopted children
what are the ways that genes can affect your behavior indirectly?
being unusually attractive
the _________ refers to a change in the frequency of various genes in a population over generations
evolution
the answer in # 25 attempts to answer two questions: how did some species evolve and how do species evolve
true
evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is evolutionarily defined as ____
the number of copies of one’s genes that endure in later generations
the ________ refers to choosing individuals with desired traits and making them parents of the next generation
artificial selection
lamarckian evolution suggests that the use or disuse of some structure or behavior causes an increase or decrease in that behavior
true
the __________ focuses upon functional and evolutionary explanations of how behaviors evolved
evolutionary psychology
does human behavior depend on genetics, environmental influences, or both?
both genes and environment
facial expressions are mainly controlled by ________
genes
_________ demonstrated that inheritance occurs through discrete units of heredity, called genes
gregor mendel
prior to (answer in #33), it was commonly believed that inheritance was a blending process of the properties of the egg and sperm (like paint)
true
genes come in pairs, called _________
alleles
a _______ is defined as a portion of a chromosome and is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
gene
_____ serves as a model for the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
dna
an __________ gene occurs in a phenotype where there is incomplete dominance in the heterozygous condition
intermediate
brain development depends upon _______ and ________
maturation/learning
the development of neurons in the brain involves which following processes? Choose all that apply
migration, synaptogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, myelination
