Test 3 Flashcards
how far one sees is dependent on how far light travels before it strikes one’s eyes
true
light enters the eye through _______
pupil
light is focused by the _____ and the cornea onto the rear surface of the eye known as the ______
lens/retina
light from the left side of the world strikes the right side of the retina and vice versa and the light from above strikes, the bottom half of the retina and vice versa
true
_____ cells, located closer to the center of the eye, receive messages from visual receptors at the back of the eye
bipolar
the axons of ________ cells join one another to form the optic nerve that travels to the brain
ganglion
the __________ consists of the axons of ________ cells that band together and exit through the back of the eye and travel to the brain
optic nerve/ganglion
first, answer from #7 known as _________ leaves the back of the eye; the point at which it leaves is called the blind spot because it contains no receptors
optic nerve
the fovea is the central portion of the retina and allows for acute and detailed vision because it is packed tightly with ______
receptors
each receptor (almost exclusively cones) in the fovea attaches to a single ________ cell and a single ______ cell
bipolar/ganglion
each ____ in the fovea has a direct line to the brain which allows the registering of the exact location of an input
cone
detailed vision is ____ in peripheral vision
less
humans perceive wavelengths between _____ and ____ nanometers (nm)
400/700
color perception occurs through the relative rates of response by three kinds of cones known as ____, ____, and ____ wavelengths
short/medium/long
though rods are outnumbered, they provide about 90 percent of the brain’s input
false
face recognition occurs relatively soon before birth and continues to develop gradually into adolescence
false
motion perception involves a variety of brain areas in all four lobes of the cerebral cortex
true
the inability to determine the direction, speed, and whether objects are moving is likely caused by damage in area ______
middle-temporal cortex
you do not see your own eyes move because area MT and parts of the parietal cortex decrease their activity during voluntary eye movements known as _______
saccades
evolution has been described as parsimonious. After it has solved one problem, it _____________ for other problems
modifies that solution
_____ are vibrations of the air, water, or other medium that vary in frequency
sound waves
amplitude refers to the _______ of the sound wave
intensity
frequency is the number of compressions per ______ and is measured in ____
second/hertz
timbre is ____ quality or complexity
tone
people communicate ______ by alterations in pitch, loudness, and timbre
emotions
structures of the ear divided into three distinguished parts that include _____________________
the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear
the oval window is a membrane in the _____ ear
inner
according to place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a _____
piano
according to frequency theory, the basilar membrane vibrates in _______ with the sound and causes auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency
synchrony
the primary auditory cortex is the destination for most information from the auditory system
primary
each hemisphere receives most of its information from the ______ ear (s)
opposite
one method of sound localization is ________________ of arrival at the two ears most useful for localizing sounds with sudden onset
difference in time
the other method of sound localization is when high-frequency sounds (2000–3000 Hz) create a _______
sound shadow
finally, ____________ between the ears provides cues to sound localization with frequencies up to 1500 Hz
phase difference
________ occurs if bones of the middle ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea
conductive or middle ear deafness
_________ results from damage to the cochlea, the hair cells, or the auditory nerve
nerve deafness or inner ear deafness
whereas frequent or constant ringing in the ears is called _______
tinnitus
what does the vestibular system detect
movement of the head
somatosensorial refers to the sensation of the body and its movements that include discriminative touch, deep pressure, cold, warmth, pain, itch, tickle, and the position and movement of the joints
true
according to the current pitch theory, low-frequency sounds are best explained by the frequency theory and high-frequency sounds are best explained by the place theory
true
