Test 1

Question 1

what is meant by the term biological psychology?

Answer 1

hormones, genetics, evolution, body and brain physiology

Question 2

the philosophy in which human beings have a separate mind and a body is called _________

Answer 2

dualism

Question 3

what are four categories of biological explanations of behavior? Choose all that apply

Answer 3

• evolutionary & functional
• physiological & ontogenetic

Question 4

what is one major contradiction to dualism?

Answer 4

law of conservation

Question 5

animal research today is conducted under legal and ethical controls that attempt to minimize animal distress

Answer 5

true

Question 6

human mental experiences depend on the activity of a huge number of separate but interconnected cells

Answer 6

true

Question 7

the primary role of glial cells is to act like “glue” or scaffolding to support the neurons

Answer 7

false

Question 8

the human nervous system comprises two kinds of cells ___________ and __________

Answer 8

neurons/glia

Question 9

how do neuron cells differ from other cells of the body?

Answer 9

shape

Question 10

a motor neuron conducts impulses along its axon to a ________ whereas a sensory neuron Is specialized at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation __________. Choose all that apply

Answer 10

• muscle/touch
  -gland/light

Question 11

branching fibers with a surface lined with synaptic receptors responsible for bringing information into the neuron are called

Answer 11

dendrites

Question 12

the thin fiber of a neuron is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses toward other neurons, organs, or muscles

Answer 12

axons

Question 13

what do neurons have that other cells do not?

Answer 13

large. branching extensions

Question 14

an ______ axon refers to bringing information into a structure whereas an ________ axon refers to carrying information away from a structure

Answer 14

afferent/efferent

Question 15

the resting potential of a neuron refers to the state of the neuron:

Answer 15

prior to the sending of a nerve impulse

Question 16

what percent of all oxygen consumed by the body is used by the brain?

Answer 16

20

Question 17

when sodium channels are closed potassium channels are partially closed. The membrane is:

Answer 17

at rest

Question 18

the process of restoring the sodium-potassium pump to its original distribution of ions _____

Answer 18

takes time

Question 19

local anesthetic drugs like Novocain and Xylocaine prevent action potentials from occurring by __________

Answer 19

blocking sodium channels

Question 20

the all-or-none law takes place in __________

Answer 20

axons

Question 21

in the relative refractory period, the neuron resists the production of another action potential

Answer 21

false

Question 22

local neurons are difficult to study because they are ____________

Answer 22

very tiny

Question 23

it is believed that only 10 percent of neurons are active at any given moment

Answer 23

false

Question 24

human beings use all their brain, even at times when they might not be using it very well

Answer 24

true

Question 25

the speed of conduction along an axon is about ________

Answer 25

40 m/s

Question 26

the speed of conduction through a reflex arc is about _______

Answer 26

15 m/s

Question 27

synaptic input from several locations can have a cumulative effect and trigger a nerve impulse called _____________

Answer 27

spatial summation

Question 28

repeated stimuli can have a cumulative effect and can produce a nerve impulse when a single stimulus is too weak is called ____________

Answer 28

temporal summation

Question 29

EPSPs increase the number of action potentials below the spontaneous firing rate

Answer 29

false

Question 30

IPSPs decrease the number of action potentials above the spontaneous firing rate

Answer 30

false

Question 31

neurons synthesize neurotransmitters and other chemicals from substances provided by the diet such as acetylcholine synthesized from choline found in milk, eggs, and nuts

Answer 31

true

Question 32

action potential triggers exocytosis through bursts of the release of neurotransmitters from the postsynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft

Answer 32

false

Question 33

the first physiologist to convincingly demonstrate that communication across the synapse occurs via chemical means was ___________

Answer 33

otto loewi

Question 34

neurons that release serotonin, dopamine, or norepinephrine contain an enzyme called __________

Answer 34

MAO (monoamine oxidase)

Question 35

metabotropic effects start ______ but last _____ than ionotropic effects

Answer 35

slowly/longer

Question 36

inotropic effects occur when a neurotransmitter detaches from receptors and immediately opens ion channels

Answer 36

false

Question 37

if the neuron synthesizes most other neurotransmitters in the ____________, it synthesizes neuropeptides in the ___________

Answer 37

presynaptic terminal/cell body

Question 38

many hallucinogenic drugs—that is, drugs that distort perception, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)—chemically resemble _______

Answer 38

serotonin

Question 39

some of the processes by which the presynaptic neuron takes up most of the neurotransmitters from synapses and reuses them are _________________

Answer 39

reuptake, diffusion, inactivation

Question 40

amphetamine & cocaine _________ dopamine synapses by increasing the release of dopamine from the presynaptic terminal whereas methylphenidate (Ritalin) _______ the reuptake of dopamine but in a more gradual and more controlled rate

Answer 40

stimulate/block