test 3.3 Flashcards
how do spinal motor nuclei organize?
according to function and form the final pathway to active muscles
what is the reticular formation
neurons that are scattered among axon bundles that course through the medial portion of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
what does the medial vestibular nuclei mediate
head righting reflexes in response to activation of semicircular canals
what does the lateral vestibular nucleus do
sends axon to axial and proximal limb muscles
what are the two cortical pathways
spinal cord
brainstem
where does the dorsolateral nucleus send info
to limb muscles
what does the ventralmedial nucleus innverate
axial muscles
is locomotion generated without thinking about it
yes
what does the lateral cortical spinal tract consist of
- orginates in premotor, motor, and sensory cortex
- decussates in medually pyramids
- projects to spinal cord.
- Many neurons make direct connections with motor neurons in lateral anterior horn
what does the ventral cortical spinal tract consist of
- orginates in premotor and motor cortex
- descends ipsilaterally
- projects bilateral reticular and vestibular nuclei to regulate medial brainstem
- projects bilaterally in medial spinal cord
what does vestibule-ocular reflex do
maintain gaze during head rotation
what does the neck righting reflex allow for
stretch reflex in the neck which acts to maintain aligment with trunk
what does the red nucleus only innervate
the arms
what do tonic neck reflexes help maintain
postual equilibrium: response to stretch of muscle spindles in neck
what are postual equilibrium a response to
vestibular stimulation
what is the reticulospinal pathway important for
mediating posture in advance of and response to distal movements and in covering of function after stroke
what is the lateral vestibulospinal tract for
antigravity postual (otolith input)
where does the medial vestibular nuceli get info from
semicircular canal
true or false
Balance reflexes cannot be used to faclilate active movement in therapy for patients with movement disorders
false, it can be used
what does Decerbrate posture look like and where is the damage located
upper and lower limbs are extended
damage to brainstem
what does decorticate posture look like and where is the damage located
upper limbs flexed and lower limbs extended
damage to cerebral hemisphere
what is the function of the rubrospinal pathway
in activating limb gurdle muscoluatre in order to move your arm
what does vestibulospinal pathway mediate
posture in response to vestibular stimuli
is the rubrospinal system apart of the medial or lateral pathway
lateral pathway
what does reticular spinal pathway mediate
trunk coordination
where does the cortical spinal tract orgainate
areas 1,2,3,4,6
what does areas 1,2,3 consist of
post central cortex
what does area 4 consist of
primary motor cortex
what does area 6 consist of
premotor cortex
define spasticity
a common manifestation of supraspinal lesion in humans
what is spasticity caused by
a lesion of premotor cortical areas of their outflow (influence btw brainstem and spinal circuirty
what is high muscle tone and low muscle tone referred as
hypertonus and hypotonus
where is hypertonus and hypotonus usually the strongest at
in the upper limb flexors and lower limb extensors
what is cerebral palsy
non-progressive neonatal CNS disorder that affects the motor system. A disorder in regulation of muscle tone
what are the three types of cerebral palsy
spastic
athetosis
ataxia
