Test 3.2

Question 1

define reflexes

Answer 1

sensory motor circuits

Question 2

what happens if you increase or decrease the gain of stimulus

Answer 2

it will cause an increase or decrease in the gain of response

Question 3

true or false

all sensory and motor neurons are excitatory

Answer 3

true

Question 4

when is perturbation applied

Answer 4

during the time course of a catching task

Question 5

how can response to perturbation be reversed

Answer 5

depending on control state

Question 6

whats the characteristic of M1

Answer 6

20-40ms
monosynaptic
low threshold and gain

Question 7

whats the characteristics of M2

Answer 7

40-60ms
latency Multisynaptic
High threshold and gain

Question 8

is M1 or M2 seen is the contralateral hand

Answer 8

M2

Question 9

what is muscle tone referred to as

Answer 9

stiffness

Question 10

what does cutting the dorsal root result in

Answer 10

a non-linear response to stretch, the muscle ‘give way” rapidly to stretch

Question 11

what does the stretch reflex add to

Answer 11

adds to stiffness to muscles and makes muscles respond smoothly to stretch

Question 12

what is the stretch reflex set up to do

Answer 12

resist movement

Question 13

whats the characterisitcs of normal muscle tone

Answer 13

flexible, but sturdy truck and limbs

Question 14

whats the characteristics of abnormal muscle tone

Answer 14

floppy trunk and stiff limbs

Question 15

what does more complex circuits result in

Answer 15

more detail patterns of motor coordination

Question 16

what does the flexor withdrawl reflex compose

Answer 16

• pain response
• you extend the opposite leg and flex the leg injury
• slow response
• causes inhibition of extensors

Question 17

define dorsal rhrizotomy

Answer 17

no dorsal root input to spinal cord

Question 18

what does serotonin regulate

Answer 18

sleep wake cycle

Question 19

what is the most common reflex

Answer 19

stretch reflex

Question 20

what are reflexes made of

Answer 20

1 or more sensory neuron, 1 or more interneuron, 1 or more motor neuron

Question 21

what happens if a interneuron has a lot of alpha neuron

Answer 21

you get a big response

Question 22

what does the antagonist muscle do during the stretch reflex

Answer 22

inhibits the muscle

Question 23

true or false

each muscle spindle monosynaptic activates one motor unit in that muscle

Answer 23

false

it activates ALL the motor units in that muscle

Question 24

what happens if you have a bifurcation of descending neurons

Answer 24

you end up getting M1 only on one side and M2 on both side

Question 25

which neuron helps resist stiffness of muscles

Answer 25

gamma motor neurons

Question 26

true or false

stretch reflex helps resist movement

Answer 26

true

Question 27

true or false

we can control the amplitude of the stretch reflex as well as babies

Answer 27

humans can control the stretch reflex but babies can not

Question 28

what type of response is a tonic stretch reflex

Answer 28

sustain response (reflect posture)

Question 29

true or false

phasic stretch reflex is a very slow response

Answer 29

false it is very quick

Question 30

true or false

the stretch reflex is a automatic response

Answer 30

true

Question 31

do babies have good muscle tone

Answer 31

no

Question 32

true or false

you cannot modulate the stretch reflex

Answer 32

false, you can modulate it

Question 33

true or false

the stretch reflex causes inhibition of the antagonist muscle

Answer 33

true

Question 34

what is modulation of reflexes important for

Answer 34

regulating posture and movement

Question 35

is stretch reflex responsible for linear or rotational motion

Answer 35

linear

Question 36

what are the two major spinal circuits

Answer 36

spinal reflexes and central pattern generators

Question 37

explain what the flexor withdrawl reflexes is made up of

Answer 37

multisynaptic
thin neurons
slow response
pain reflex

Question 38

what are central pattern generators

Answer 38

they are self contain circuits in the spinal cord that give rhythmic locomotion info

Question 39

true or false

central pattern generators also exist in mammals, humans, and new born babies

Answer 39

true