Test 1.3 Flashcards
Which neurotransmitter is a major excitatory in the brain and spinal cord
Glutamate
What does GABA (aminobutyric acid) important for
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
Which neurotransmitter is important in the spinal cord
Glycine
What is serotonin made from and what is it functional in
Made from tryptophan and sleep wake cycles/ depression
What does monaminexidase do
Inhibitors prevent break down of catecholamines and serotonin
What does catecholamines include
Dopemine and norepinephrine
Is catecholamines a excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter
It can be both depending on it’s target
What is catecholamines important for
Attention regulation, motor control, and DA is functional in some psychiatric disorders
Which neurotransmitter Is important for memory and is it inhibitory or exhibitory
ACh and inhibitory
What does goldmans equation relate to
relates channel opening to membrane voltage
For which ions is Nernest equation only for
K+ and Na+
When log is 1 what is net flow
Zero
What does a pump do
Sets up concentration gradients
True or false
Concentration gradient for a neuron is always the same
True
Under resting state which channels are open
Potassium
What is the giant axon of squid responsible for
A quick response
At rest if you change the concentration gradient for potassium what happens
You change the resting membrane potential
What is a voltage clamp
Is a line of set voltage (aka cruise control)
When you change voltage what happens
You change the number of open channels for an ion, which gives you a current flow
True or false
Potassium current is delayed
True
True or false
The doors for ions are current dependent
False they are voltage dependent
What is depolarization
When it goes more towards zero
Ion blocks sodium currents
TTx
What blocks potassium currents
TEa
Which way is a sodium current
Inward
Which way is a potassium current
Outward
How long does a potassium channel stay open for
Forever
Why is sodium channels shut off valves important
For neural function
True or false
The inactivation gate is electrical dependent
False
It’s voltage dependent
What happens when sodium goes further into the cell
It depolarizers the membrane
What does hyperpolarization mean
Below resting potential
What does not having an action potential lead too
Passive response
What does refractory period do
Stops the flow of ions from going backwards in the cell
What does absolute refractory period do
Doesn’t allow for action potential to happen
explain capacitance
The attraction across a membrane of one charge to another charge, slowing down the action potential
Why does capacitance slow down action potentials
Because sodium ions have to keep suppling the membrane b/c they are attracted to the negative charge on the other side
If you want to reduce capacitance what should you do
Make the membrane thicker
How does myelin increase the speed of an action potential
By reducing capacitance
What does dopamine control
Motor control, motivation, reward and reinforcement
What does norepinephrine control
Sleep/wakefulness, attention, feeding behavior
What does serotonin control
Depression and aniexty
