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Kines 360 > Test 1.3 > Flashcards

Test 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurotransmitter is a major excitatory in the brain and spinal cord

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

What does GABA (aminobutyric acid) important for

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain

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3
Q

Which neurotransmitter is important in the spinal cord

A

Glycine

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4
Q

What is serotonin made from and what is it functional in

A

Made from tryptophan and sleep wake cycles/ depression

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5
Q

What does monaminexidase do

A

Inhibitors prevent break down of catecholamines and serotonin

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6
Q

What does catecholamines include

A

Dopemine and norepinephrine

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7
Q

Is catecholamines a excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

It can be both depending on it’s target

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8
Q

What is catecholamines important for

A

Attention regulation, motor control, and DA is functional in some psychiatric disorders

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter Is important for memory and is it inhibitory or exhibitory

A

ACh and inhibitory

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10
Q

What does goldmans equation relate to

A

relates channel opening to membrane voltage

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11
Q

For which ions is Nernest equation only for

A

K+ and Na+

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12
Q

When log is 1 what is net flow

A

Zero

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13
Q

What does a pump do

A

Sets up concentration gradients

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14
Q

True or false

Concentration gradient for a neuron is always the same

A

True

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15
Q

Under resting state which channels are open

A

Potassium

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16
Q

What is the giant axon of squid responsible for

A

A quick response

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17
Q

At rest if you change the concentration gradient for potassium what happens

A

You change the resting membrane potential

18
Q

What is a voltage clamp

A

Is a line of set voltage (aka cruise control)

19
Q

When you change voltage what happens

A

You change the number of open channels for an ion, which gives you a current flow

20
Q

True or false

Potassium current is delayed

A

True

21
Q

True or false

The doors for ions are current dependent

A

False they are voltage dependent

22
Q

What is depolarization

A

When it goes more towards zero

23
Q

Ion blocks sodium currents

A

TTx

24
Q

What blocks potassium currents

A

TEa

25
Q

Which way is a sodium current

A

Inward

26
Q

Which way is a potassium current

A

Outward

27
Q

How long does a potassium channel stay open for

A

Forever

28
Q

Why is sodium channels shut off valves important

A

For neural function

29
Q

True or false

The inactivation gate is electrical dependent

A

False

It’s voltage dependent

30
Q

What happens when sodium goes further into the cell

A

It depolarizers the membrane

31
Q

What does hyperpolarization mean

A

Below resting potential

32
Q

What does not having an action potential lead too

A

Passive response

33
Q

What does refractory period do

A

Stops the flow of ions from going backwards in the cell

34
Q

What does absolute refractory period do

A

Doesn’t allow for action potential to happen

35
Q

explain capacitance

A

The attraction across a membrane of one charge to another charge, slowing down the action potential

36
Q

Why does capacitance slow down action potentials

A

Because sodium ions have to keep suppling the membrane b/c they are attracted to the negative charge on the other side

37
Q

If you want to reduce capacitance what should you do

A

Make the membrane thicker

38
Q

How does myelin increase the speed of an action potential

A

By reducing capacitance

39
Q

What does dopamine control

A

Motor control, motivation, reward and reinforcement

40
Q

What does norepinephrine control

A

Sleep/wakefulness, attention, feeding behavior

41
Q

What does serotonin control

A

Depression and aniexty

Kines 360 (10 decks)

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