final 4.2

Question 1

What is the the first year of life mainly for

Answer 1

development of postural control

Question 2

true or false

does development occur in parallel over the whole body?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

what does Cephalo and Caudal mean

Answer 3

Cephalo=head

Caudal=foot

Question 4

what does neonate mean

Answer 4

newborn

Question 5

what does the prone position consist of with neonates

Answer 5

• all weight on head
• flexor posturing
• alot of reflexes

Question 6

what does the positive suuport reflex consist of with neonates

Answer 6

standing on two legs with someone helping them

Question 7

whats the prone position for a 1 month baby

Answer 7

• weight moves down to shoulder/upper chest
• shoulders abducted, elbows a little extended
• scapular retraction

Question 8

what does the pull to sit position consist of for a 1 month baby

Answer 8

• head lags
• trunk remains flexed
• not alot of assistance by baby

Question 9

at which age can babies produce bilateral symmetirc control, reach to the midline, balanced trunk flexor and extensor control

Answer 9

3-4 months old

Question 10

at what age can babies shift weight onto one side thigh and forearm to free up arm to reach

Answer 10

5 months old

Question 11

what does the prone position for a 5 month baby

Answer 11

• alot of weight on hands
• shoulders flex way forward
• head supported vertically

Question 12

at which age can babies bear walk

Answer 12

7-10 months

Question 13

at which age can babies kneel

Answer 13

7-10 months

Question 14

at which age can babies began to stand

Answer 14

12 months

Question 15

what does stimulus and response of the grasp reflex consist of

Answer 15

stimulus: tactile input to
ulnar side of palm
– Response: involuntary strong
flexion of all digits

Question 16

what does the intergration for the grasp reflex consist of

Answer 16

Circuit components need to be
selectively employed
– digits need to be under voluntary
control to grasp and release
objects

Question 17

what does stimulus and response of the ATNR consist of

Answer 17

stimulus: Neck rotation
(or lateral flexion)
– Response: Extension of
limbs on nose side,
flexion of contralteral
limbs.

Question 18

what does the intergration for the ATRN consist of

Answer 18

Must be able to dissociate neck
movement from limb patterns
– Must be able to achieve
symmetrical bilateral patterns
with limbs

Question 19

what does stimulus and response of the positive support consist of

Answer 19

stimulus: Held vertical
supported, pressure to feet.
– Response: Full extension of
legs

Question 20

what does the intergration for the positive support reflex consist of

Answer 20

Must be able to weight bear on feet
with variable and flexible amounts of
flexor and extensor muscle activity.
– Circuit helps maintain extensor tone

Question 21

what does stimulus and response of the crossed extension reflex

Answer 21

stimulus: Hold leg in
extension stimulate bottom of
foot
– Response: Flexion, followed
by extension and adduction of
contralateral leg

Question 22

what does the intergration for the crossed extension reflex consist of

Answer 22

Circuit components need to be
selectively employed in controlled
voluntary gait
– Legs and trunk need to work
together in a graded and
coordinated manner

Question 23

what does stimulus and response of the primitive stepping consist of

Answer 23

stimulus: Lean child forward
in upright
– Response: involuntary
reciprical “stepping” of legs
(can’t bear support)

Question 24

what does the intergration for the primitive stepping reflex consist of

Answer 24

– Circuit components need to be
selectively employed in controlled
voluntary gait
– Legs and trunk need to work
together in a graded and
coordinated manner

Question 25

what are the effects in a patient with peristant ATNR in spastic quadriplegic CP

Answer 25

Can’t develop symmetrical trunk and limb postures.
– Prevents voluntary control over limbs and trunk
– Child turns head, pattern in trunk and limbs takes over

Question 26

what are the effects of persistant crossed extension in spastic diplegic CP

Answer 26

Can’t develop reciprical locomotor patterns in legs.
– Gets “stuck” in statick pattern
– Once intiates reciprical pattern, leg gets “stuck” in extension

Question 27

what are the effects of persistant Abnormal Grasp Reflex in spastic hemiplegic CP

Answer 27

Involuntary “fisting” of
involved hand.
– Difficulty voluntarily
extending fingers for grasp
– Lack of voluntary thumb
opposition due to strong
flexor and adductor muscle
tone
– This severely restricts
development of manipulative
skills.

Question 28

what are the effects of persistant abnormal persistance of STNR in athetoid CP

Answer 28

Can’t assume quadriped stance for locomotion.
– Gets “stuck” in static pattern
– Once intiates neck flexion, arms collapse into flexion

Question 29

true or false

postural reflexes cannot be elicited to fascilitate voluntary movements

Answer 29

false, because they can be

Question 30

will using handling technique inhibit or exhibit abnormal reflexes

Answer 30

inhibit