final 4.0 Flashcards
what is SMA
complex sequences and bilateral movement
what are the premotor cortices
visual motor transformation for reaching and grasping
true or false
cortical maps are not static
true
what are rat motor cortex for
representing forelimb, whiskers, and extra ocular muscles
true or false
functional activity can not change maps in somatensensory and motor cortex
false, because it can change
how were direct connections btw cortical neurons and motor neurons confirmed
spike in triggered average
what do stimulation of motor cortices produce
short latency movements
magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex activities corticospinal fibers and produces?
muscles contraction in one or a few muscles
what are the characteristics of premotor cortex
- larger amplitude stimulation
- longer delay
- for grasp or hand to mouth behaviors in monkeys
where is the premotor cortices located
largely posterior parietal and prefrontal area
where does motor and premotor areas receive input from
thalamus that are represented by connections with cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord
what did Evarts say motor cortex included
- Evarts- looks like M1
- codes force not kinematics
what did georgopoulis say motor cortex included
population of cells code direction or kinematics
what did Kalaska say motor cortex include
population of neurons also code for posture and kinetics
what did Strich say motor cortex include
wrist movement with forearm in 3 positions pronation, supination, and mid
also 3 types of cells which include kinematics, dynamics, and both
true or false
motor cortex transformers a kinematic plan into dynamic- muscle like commands
true
VA/VL complex of thalamus is devoted to what?
basal ganglia
what does the Striatum include
receives input from cortex
-Caudate and Putamen
what are the 2 internal loops
Substantia Nigra (pars compacta) Subthalamus
What are the Output Structures
- Globus Pallidus
- Substantia Nigra
- to superior colliculus
- for saccadic eye movement
what does the basal ganglia include
- No direct input/output with spinal cord
- Receives from all areas
are the Cauduate and Putamen excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
what is Parkinson Disease
degeneration of dopamine neurons
how are hand kinematics coded
in population of neuorns
true or false
the activity in CNS correlates with direction and amplitude of joint torque (force), and with direction of movement
false, it does correlate with direction and amplitude of joint torque but NOT with direction of movement
true or false
neurons respond to direction and space and some respond to the muscle, also some respond to both
true
what do spinal circuits generate
muscle action
what are dorsal premotor area for
set related for reaching and are active prior to movement
what does ventral premotor cortex represent
shape of your hand to objects and how you interact with objects
where does VPm get info from
ventral visual stream which tells us about details of objects
where does DPm get info from
dorsal stream that tells us where objects are
what is DPm cortex related to
direction of planning to reach
