final 4.0

Question 1

what is SMA

Answer 1

complex sequences and bilateral movement

Question 2

what are the premotor cortices

Answer 2

visual motor transformation for reaching and grasping

Question 3

true or false

cortical maps are not static

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what are rat motor cortex for

Answer 4

representing forelimb, whiskers, and extra ocular muscles

Question 5

true or false

functional activity can not change maps in somatensensory and motor cortex

Answer 5

false, because it can change

Question 6

how were direct connections btw cortical neurons and motor neurons confirmed

Answer 6

spike in triggered average

Question 7

what do stimulation of motor cortices produce

Answer 7

short latency movements

Question 8

magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex activities corticospinal fibers and produces?

Answer 8

muscles contraction in one or a few muscles

Question 9

what are the characteristics of premotor cortex

Answer 9

• larger amplitude stimulation
• longer delay
• for grasp or hand to mouth behaviors in monkeys

Question 10

where is the premotor cortices located

Answer 10

largely posterior parietal and prefrontal area

Question 11

where does motor and premotor areas receive input from

Answer 11

thalamus that are represented by connections with cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord

Question 12

what did Evarts say motor cortex included

Answer 12

• Evarts- looks like M1

- codes force not kinematics

Question 13

what did georgopoulis say motor cortex included

Answer 13

population of cells code direction or kinematics

Question 14

what did Kalaska say motor cortex include

Answer 14

population of neurons also code for posture and kinetics

Question 15

what did Strich say motor cortex include

Answer 15

wrist movement with forearm in 3 positions pronation, supination, and mid
also 3 types of cells which include kinematics, dynamics, and both

Question 16

true or false

motor cortex transformers a kinematic plan into dynamic- muscle like commands

Answer 16

true

Question 17

VA/VL complex of thalamus is devoted to what?

Answer 17

basal ganglia

Question 18

what does the Striatum include

Answer 18

receives input from cortex

-Caudate and Putamen

Question 19

what are the 2 internal loops

Answer 19

Substantia Nigra (pars compacta)
Subthalamus

Question 20

What are the Output Structures

Answer 20

• Globus Pallidus
• Substantia Nigra
  - to superior colliculus
  - for saccadic eye movement

Question 21

what does the basal ganglia include

Answer 21

• No direct input/output with spinal cord

- Receives from all areas

Question 22

are the Cauduate and Putamen excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 22

excitatory

Question 23

what is Parkinson Disease

Answer 23

degeneration of dopamine neurons

Question 24

how are hand kinematics coded

Answer 24

in population of neuorns

Question 25

true or false

the activity in CNS correlates with direction and amplitude of joint torque (force), and with direction of movement

Answer 25

false, it does correlate with direction and amplitude of joint torque but NOT with direction of movement

Question 26

true or false

neurons respond to direction and space and some respond to the muscle, also some respond to both

Answer 26

true

Question 27

what do spinal circuits generate

Answer 27

muscle action

Question 28

what are dorsal premotor area for

Answer 28

set related for reaching and are active prior to movement

Question 29

what does ventral premotor cortex represent

Answer 29

shape of your hand to objects and how you interact with objects

Question 30

where does VPm get info from

Answer 30

ventral visual stream which tells us about details of objects

Question 31

where does DPm get info from

Answer 31

dorsal stream that tells us where objects are

Question 32

what is DPm cortex related to

Answer 32

direction of planning to reach