Test 3 review Flashcards
What are the kind of bonds that are included in DNA ?
-DNA contains nitrogenous bases that can form hydrogen bonds
- DNA contains a negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone that can participate in electrostatic interactions
-The nitrogenous bases in DNA are also aromatic and can stack with aromatic side chains of amino acids in a protein to generate attractive London dispersion forces.
What happens to lysine residues that are acetylated?
When lysine residues are acetylated they are NO longer charged and normal DNA around histone protein are bound less tightly
what are effects of tumor suppressor gene ?
it will Halt (stop) cell cycle from continuing
-will allow for DNA repair to occur
-or cell commit suicide (if damage too severe)
where does protein production occur in the nervous system ?
Dorsal root ganglion
how does afferent neuron begin and end?
Afferent neuron begins in the periphery and ends in CNS
What Lab technique is used for secreted proteins in culture media, blood or extracellular space?
ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay)
What is the process that occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis
RECOMBINATION (only occurs in meiosis)
What is the function of spleen? What does it contain ?
The spleen is one of the major organs of the immune system. It is rich with lymphocytes, both B and T, and serves a major resource in the body’s natural defenses against pathogens, especially encapsulated bacteria
-spleen also removes old or damaged red blood cells
where are red blood cells synthesized?
bone marrow
Does Fetal Hemoglobin or normal Hemoglobin have higher affinity for carrying oxygen?
HBF (fetal hemoglobin) has greater affinity for carrying oxygen
Why doesn’t HbF (fetal Hemoglobin) sickle ?
because it does not contain Beta chains
How are fatty acids transported In blood during beta oxidation ?
Fatty acids are transported in the blood via binding to blood proteins like albumin. Once at the target tissue, they are activated, shuttled into the mitochondria and broken down via β-oxidation. This generates acetyl-CoA (via cleavage of the carbon backbone), as well as NADH and FADH2 (
What causes acidosis when using lactate ? what kind of acidosis occurs?
Lactate is the ionized/deprotonated form of lactic acid. Therefore, an acidosis is expected to develop. Since lactate is generated through a metabolic process (anaerobic respiration) and not a function of breathing rate, it is expected to cause a metabolic acidosis ?
When does alkalosis occur? When does metabolic alkalosis vs respiratory occur?
An alkalosis would result in increasing the pH of the blood
. If it is metabolic in origin, then there is an increased concentration of HCO3–, whereas if it is respiratory, then there is a decreased concentration of CO2
What causes metabolic acidosis ?
A metabolic acidosis is caused by a decrease in HCO3– concentration, resulting in a comparatively higher than normal H+ concentration (low blood pH)