Test 3: Lateralization, Language, and Split Brain

Question 1

active conciousness

Answer 1

the state of being aware of your thoughts and behaviors

Question 2

what do human beings use to make their declarative knowledge accessible?

Answer 2

language

Question 3

commisures

Answer 3

fiber pathways that connect the two hemispheres

Question 4

corpus collosum

Answer 4

largest commissure in the brain

allows cross talk between the hemispheres

severed to control epilepsy

Question 5

What transfers learned information from one hemisphere to the next

Answer 5

corpus callosum

Question 6

what happens to function when the corpus callosum is severed

Answer 6

each hemisphere functions independently

Question 7

How does commisourotomy help epileptics

Answer 7

It reduces convulsive behavior

they may never have a major convulsion again

Question 8

Michael Gazzaniga

Answer 8

developed procedures to test split-brain patients

Question 9

How do the hemispheres function for split brain patients

Answer 9

left hemisphere can tell what the person has seen, the right hemisphere can show it

Question 10

What happens when you show a picture to a split brain persons right visual field?

Answer 10

It is “seen” by their left brain

Left hemisphere can tell you what it was

right hand can show you but the left hand cannot

Question 11

What happens when a picture is presented to the left visual field of a split brain patient

Answer 11

Seen by the right hemisphere

They will say they don’t know what they saw

Left hand can show what it is but the right hand cannot

Question 12

Results of chimeric figures task - composite face study

Answer 12

half of a face is shown to each hemisphere

each side will report having seen a whole face

Question 13

Z lens

Answer 13

Named for Erin Zadel

device for showing visual input to split brain patients one hemisphere at a time

contact lens that is opaque on one side so that visual input only goes to one hemisphere

Question 14

What did the z-lens spoken experiments show?

Answer 14

the right hemisphere language abilities are around that of a 10 year old for single words

Question 15

Differences between hemisphere

Answer 15

Not absolute; minimal differences

right does have some language ability

Question 16

In general: left hemisphere specialization

Answer 16

language and speech

analytical and sequential

Question 17

In general: right hemisphere specialization

Answer 17

visual and spatial processing

processing info simultaneously as a whole

Question 18

left hemisphere controls speech and language in _____ of right handers and ______ of left

Answer 18

95%

70%

Question 19

2 important brain areas for speech and language

Answer 19

broca’s

wernicke’s

Question 20

Broca’s area

Where

What happens when damaged

Answer 20

frontal lobe

Broca’s aphasia - can understand but has difficulty producing sounds of speech

Question 21

Wernicke’s area

Where

What happens when damaged

Answer 21

temporal lobe

Wernicke’s aphasia - difficulty comprehending, speech is normal but with no meaning

Question 22

circulate fasciculins

Answer 22

connects Broca’s and Wernick’s area

Question 23

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 23

form and meaning that is produced in Wernicke’s area goes by way of this to Broca’s

Question 24

What happens when language is read

Answer 24

Words are processed through different but similar pathways

fibers from primary visual cortex project to the angular gyrus in the temporal lobe

input is matched with sounds of words when spoken

auditory form then processed by wernicke’s area as if it were heard

Question 25

Differences between brain areas used in other languages

Answer 25

if spoken fluently - the same brain organization is used

if not fluent - different areas are used

Question 26

Dyslexia

2 forms

Answer 26

disturbance in reading ability

difficulties with words as wholes and knowing what they look like

difficulty matching sound with letters

Question 27

2 procedures for reading out loud

Answer 27

lexical: using stored info about words
phonetic: sounding out

Question 28

surface dyslexia

Answer 28

lexical procedures lost, cannot recognize words

Question 29

deep dyslexia

Answer 29

phonetic procedures lost, cannot sound out unfamiliar words

Question 30

what causes deep dyslexia

Answer 30

extensive damage to left hemisphere language areas

Question 31

2 types of Japanese languages

Relation to dyslexia

Answer 31

Kona - symbols represent sounds (like english)

Kanji - symbols represent ideas

Kanji is processed in the right hemisphere which isn’t susceptible to dyslexia

Question 32

What evidence shows that sign language is regulated by some spoken word language areas

Answer 32

Damage to left hemisphere shows Broca’s and Wernicke’s symptoms

Question 33

Which hand works better in split brain and why

Answer 33

left hand

right hand is better at visual spatial processing

right hemisphere processes wholes, left details

Question 34

Neglect syndrome

where is damage

how is behavior affected

Answer 34

right parieto-occipital cortex

behave as if left side of visual space and bodies do not exist

Question 35

How is neglect syndrom a form of nonconscious processing

Answer 35

They see the things in the left field but they are unaware of them