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Mind, Brain and Behavior > Test 1: The Nervous System > Flashcards

Test 1: The Nervous System Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Forebrain - processes

A

Most recent evolutionarily

Thinking, planning, problem solving

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2
Q

Components of the forebrain

A

Includes Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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3
Q

Components of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and

Peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

Components of the central nervous system

A

Brain

Spinal cord

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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system

(description)

A

Brings info into central nervous system and carries signals out of it

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6
Q

Divisions of peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

cranial and spinal nerves

afferent and efferent features

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8
Q

Describe the function of afferent nerves

Describe their pathways

A

sensory - subserve the senses

take info from a receptor to the brain

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9
Q

Describe the function of efferent nerves

A

motor - subserve motor tasks (such as arm movement)

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system components

A

Afferent component

Efferent component:
Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

Similarities and connections between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A

SNS and PNS nerves generally have opposing effects (such as one increases heart rate where the other one lowers heart rate)

They each use a two-stage neural path

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12
Q

2-stage neural paths in SNS and PNS

A
  1. A neuron exiting the central nervous system
  2. Synapses on a 2nd stage neuron that influences a target organ
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13
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

  • Describe places of exit
  • Describe response type
  • Describe proximity to target organ
A

Thoracolumbar places of exit from the central nervous system (the thorax and lumbar of spinal cord)

“Fight or flight” responses

2nd stage neurons are far from target organ

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

  • Describe places of exit
  • Describe response type
  • Describe proximity to target organ
  • One example
A

Craniosacral places of exit from CNS (brain and very bottom of spinal cord)

“Rest and restore” responses

Post-ganglionic fibers are near the target organ

ex: Vagus nerve

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15
Q

Telencephalon components

A

Cerebrum

Limbic lobe

Basal ganglia

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16
Q

Cerebral cortex lobes

A

Gray matter

  1. Occipital: vision
  2. Temporal: audition, smell, speech, emotion
  3. Parietal: sensory - taste, pain, touch, temp
  4. Frontal: motor, speech, executive functions
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17
Q

Corpus callosum - what is it and what does it do?

A

white matter

connects two hemispheres

large fiber tract

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18
Q

limbic lobe

  • what functions is it involved in
  • what are its components
A

part of the limbic system (involved in emotion, memory, and learning)

Contains amygdala, hippocampus, and septum

19
Q

Basal ganglia

-What functions is it involved in?

A

Involved in motor coordination - does not initiate movements, but smoothes them

Involved with Parkinson’s disease

20
Q

Components of diencephalon

A

Composed of thalamus and hypothalamus

21
Q

What function does the thalamus serve?

A

sensory relay station

(except for smell)

22
Q

Hypothalamus

What 3 things is it involved in?

A

Internal regulation: controls autonomic nervous system

involved in emotion

involved in endocrine system - sits on top of pituitary

23
Q

Midbrain

2 components

A

smallest division

inferior colliculi (hearing)

superior colliculi (vision)

24
Q

Components of hindbrain

A

pons

medulla

cerebellum

25
Q

Pons

A

“bridge”

sleep/wake cycle

26
Q

Medulla

What is its function and what does it monitor?

A

“Vital center” of the brain

Monitors: heart rhythms, respiration, blood pressure

27
Q

What is the cerebellum involved in?

A

motor coordination

28
Q

Reticular formation

Location and function

A

overlaps fore-, mid-, and hindbrain

involved in alerting and arousing the cortex

29
Q

Ventricular system

Describe the set-up

A

2 lateral ventricles in cerebral hemispheres connect with a third ventrical in the midline in thalamus and hypothalamus

4th ventricle in hindbrain in the pons and medulla - joins to central canal

30
Q

central canal

A

runs length of spinal cord

joined with the 4th ventricle

31
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

How is it used and where is it made?

A

bathes brain and spinal cord

manufactured in the choroid plexus (located in a ventricle)

32
Q

2 routes of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  1. lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - 4th ventricle - central canal
  2. lateral ventricles - down the back surface of spinal cord - up front surface of spinal cord - absorbed into circulatory system
33
Q

2 ways the brain is protected

A

Physical protection: skull and cerebrospinal fluid

Chemical protection: blood-brain barrier

34
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

tightly packed cells of blood vessel walls that prevent entry of many molecules

35
Q

5 methods of examining the brain

A
  1. CAT scan
  2. PET scan
  3. MRI
  4. fMRI
  5. EEG
36
Q

CAT scan

  • What does it stand for?
  • How does it work?
  • Structural or functional?
A

computerized axial tomography

narrow x-ray beam on one side of the head and a detector measures the # of x-ray photons that emerge on the other side

structural

37
Q

PET scan

  • What does it stand for?
  • How does it work?
  • Structural or functional?
A

positron emission tomography

Similar to CAT except the signal comes from the decay of radioisotope that has been injected into the circulatory system

Radioisotope links to glucose - can see how much is used in the brain

Functional

38
Q

MRI

  • What does it stand for?
  • How does it work?
  • Structural or functional?
A

magnetic resonance imaging

nuclei of atoms in the brain respond to magnetic fields differently, depending on local atomic environment

head is exposed to magnetic fields of different strengths, 3d image of head can be obtained

structural

39
Q

fMRI

  • What does it stand for?
  • How does it work?
  • Structural or functional?
A

functional magnetic resonance imaging

uses high powered oscillating magnetic fields and computers to measure cerebral blood flow in the brain and thereby measure the neural activity in the brain

structure and function

40
Q

EEG

  • What does it stand for?
  • How does it work?
  • Structural or functional?
A

electroencephalogram

places electrons on the surface of the skull, brain waves recorded

gross electrical recording - large brain area

Functional

41
Q

What makes up the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex lobes and the corpus callosum

42
Q

functions of temporal lobe

A

audition, smell, speech, emotion

43
Q

functions of parietal lobe

A

sensory - taste, pain, touch, temp

44
Q

functions of frontal lobe

A

motor, speech, executive functions

Mind, Brain and Behavior (10 decks)

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