Test 3 Commercial Production of Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the main biological sources for antibiotics?

Answer 1

• microorganisms ex. bacteria, fungi
• chemical synthesis
• semisynthetic

Question 2

What are the basic steps used in the manufacture of benzylpenicillin?

Answer 2

→ dormant spores 
→ lab growth on solid media 
→ liquid growth in shaken flasks 
→ slowly increase surface area of seed stage 
→ production stage

Question 3

How can alteration of culture conditions can lead to the creation of derivative or synthetic antibiotics?

Answer 3

different culture media → different competitor → different product

Question 4

good manufacturing practice (GMP)

Answer 4

• must be clearly defined and able to reproduce material of required quality
  – appropriately qualified and trained personnel
  – adequate premises and space
  – suitable equipment and services
  – correct materials, containers and labels
  – approved procedures and instructions
  – suitable storage and transport

Question 5

biosynthesis of PCN G

Answer 5

L-amino-adipic acid + L- cysteine + D-valine → ACV-tripeptide → isoPCN N → (transamidation) → PCN G

Question 6

things to consider when culturing PCN

Answer 6

• Growth media formulation
• Temperature
• pH
• Oxygen level

Question 7

P. chrysogenum strains and production

Answer 7

• wild type produced 2mg/L

- chemical mutagenesis and selection produced 20g/L

Question 8

steps in producing bacteria

Answer 8

• media formulation
• extraction
• modification
• check sterility