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OU Biotech Fall 2017 > Test 2 Hormones > Flashcards

Test 2 Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How can you tell if a hormone was created via recombinant DNA?

A

for example, rhGH => hGH produced via recomb. DNA

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2
Q

another name for hGH

A

STH: somatotropin, somatotrophin, somatropin

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3
Q

How is hGH secreted?

A
  • produced and secreted by anterior pituitary gland (somatotropes)
  • regulated by GHRH and somatostatin
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4
Q

production of hGH patterns

A
  • highest production and secretion in children
  • after 20 years of age, production drops down 10-15% every 10 years
  • released during deep sleep in pulistile fashion
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5
Q

regulation of hormone release consists of:

A
  • self-regulation: positive and negative feedback
  • hypothalamus
  • chemical changes in blood
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6
Q

pituitary gland characteristic:

A
  • 0.5 inches; pea sized
  • the infundibulum attached pituitary gland to hypothalamus
  • split up into two: anterior and posterior
  • secretes most of the hormone produced in the body
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7
Q

anterior pituitary secretes

A

you have 5 cell types

  • Somatrope(hs instead of e): release hGH
  • Thyrotroph: TSH -> T3, T4
  • Gonadotroph: FSH, LH
  • Lactotroph: Prolactin
  • corticotroph: ACTH (corticotropin), melanocyte stimulating hormone
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8
Q

posterior pituitary secretes

A

secretes 2 major hormones

  • oxytocin
  • vasopressin (aka ADH)
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9
Q

What is a difference between anterior and posterior pituitary?

A

anterior synthesizes AND secretes; posterior only releases

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10
Q

another name for anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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11
Q

another name for posterior pituitary

A

nuerohypophysis

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12
Q

functions of hGH

A
  • growth and development
  • affects metabolism: protein synthesis, lipolysis, inhibition of glucose metabolism
  • can be used for milk production but not meat
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13
Q

therapeutic use of hGH

A
  • hGH deficiency
  • idiopathic short stature (ISS)
  • Turner syndrome
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
  • chronic renal insufficiency in children
  • small for gestational age
  • GHD in adults and elderly
  • clinical malnutrition
  • Wasting syndrome
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14
Q

clinical malnutrition

A

< 200 cm bowel

  • SBS: small bowel syndrome
  • small area of absorption
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15
Q

Wasting syndrome

A

no matter how much pt eats, they lose / don’t gain weight

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16
Q

Turner syndrome

A
  • affects females
  • broad neck
  • puffy feet @ birth
  • less secondary sexual characteristics
17
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome

A
  • thin upper lip

- increased appetite

18
Q

Noonan syndrome

A
  • male version of Turner syndrome
  • flat nose
  • mental impairment
  • low life expectancy -> don’t survive beyond 10 years
19
Q

Under which circumstance would you not use prokaryotic cells to produce a hormonal protein?

A

if that protein is a glycoprotein

20
Q

Brand names for rhGH

A
  • Genotropin
  • Genotonorm
  • Norditropin simplex
  • Nutropin
  • Nutropin AQ
  • Humatrope,
  • Bio-tropin
  • Scitropin
  • Growjet
  • Zomacton
  • Tev-tropin
  • Omnitrope
  • Valtropin
  • Serostim
  • Saizen
  • Zorbtive
21
Q

describe the process of lyophilization

A
  • aka cryodesication
  • protein expressed in cell lines
  • cell membrane lysed
  • protein comes out to liquid medium
  • FREEZE in frozen N (-180C, -321F)
  • apply vacuumm
22
Q

route of administration of hGH

A
  • subQ: abdmone
  • IM: deltoid, thigh
  • pen: cool click, easy click
23
Q

dosing of hGH

A
  • depends on therapy

- usually 0.08 - 0.35 mg/kg/week

24
Q

pK of hGH

A
  • bound to growth hormone binding protein (GHBD) in plasma

- half life: 2-5 hours

25
Q

characteristics of FSH

A
  • glycoprotein
  • exist as isohormone (but same activitiy)
  • 35kDalton
26
Q

What is a glycoprotein?

A

proteinsthat undergo post-translational modification

27
Q

secretion of FSH

A
  • produces and secreted by anterior pituitary

- regulated by GnRH

28
Q

functions of FSH

A
  • regulate development, pubertal maturation, and reproductive process
  • acts synergistically with estrogens and LH to develop granulosa cells leading to follicular growth
29
Q

therapeutic use of FSH

A
  • Anovulation (including Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation
  • Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
30
Q

PCOS

A

instead of one cyst growing, there are multiple cyst but they don’t grow big enough to accommodate the eggs; laser treatment can get rid of the other cysts to make room for one cyst to grow big enough

31
Q

brand names of FSH

A
  • Gonal-F

- Follistim

32
Q

PK of FSH

A
  • 77% bioavailable
  • Serum levels may not correlate with pharmacological response
  • Large variability in individual responses

OU Biotech Fall 2017 (17 decks)

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