Test 2 Hormones Flashcards
How can you tell if a hormone was created via recombinant DNA?
for example, rhGH => hGH produced via recomb. DNA
another name for hGH
STH: somatotropin, somatotrophin, somatropin
How is hGH secreted?
- produced and secreted by anterior pituitary gland (somatotropes)
- regulated by GHRH and somatostatin
production of hGH patterns
- highest production and secretion in children
- after 20 years of age, production drops down 10-15% every 10 years
- released during deep sleep in pulistile fashion
regulation of hormone release consists of:
- self-regulation: positive and negative feedback
- hypothalamus
- chemical changes in blood
pituitary gland characteristic:
- 0.5 inches; pea sized
- the infundibulum attached pituitary gland to hypothalamus
- split up into two: anterior and posterior
- secretes most of the hormone produced in the body
anterior pituitary secretes
you have 5 cell types
- Somatrope(hs instead of e): release hGH
- Thyrotroph: TSH -> T3, T4
- Gonadotroph: FSH, LH
- Lactotroph: Prolactin
- corticotroph: ACTH (corticotropin), melanocyte stimulating hormone
posterior pituitary secretes
secretes 2 major hormones
- oxytocin
- vasopressin (aka ADH)
What is a difference between anterior and posterior pituitary?
anterior synthesizes AND secretes; posterior only releases
another name for anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
another name for posterior pituitary
nuerohypophysis
functions of hGH
- growth and development
- affects metabolism: protein synthesis, lipolysis, inhibition of glucose metabolism
- can be used for milk production but not meat
therapeutic use of hGH
- hGH deficiency
- idiopathic short stature (ISS)
- Turner syndrome
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- chronic renal insufficiency in children
- small for gestational age
- GHD in adults and elderly
- clinical malnutrition
- Wasting syndrome
clinical malnutrition
< 200 cm bowel
- SBS: small bowel syndrome
- small area of absorption
Wasting syndrome
no matter how much pt eats, they lose / don’t gain weight
Turner syndrome
- affects females
- broad neck
- puffy feet @ birth
- less secondary sexual characteristics
Prader-Willi syndrome
- thin upper lip
- increased appetite
Noonan syndrome
- male version of Turner syndrome
- flat nose
- mental impairment
- low life expectancy -> don’t survive beyond 10 years
Under which circumstance would you not use prokaryotic cells to produce a hormonal protein?
if that protein is a glycoprotein
Brand names for rhGH
- Genotropin
- Genotonorm
- Norditropin simplex
- Nutropin
- Nutropin AQ
- Humatrope,
- Bio-tropin
- Scitropin
- Growjet
- Zomacton
- Tev-tropin
- Omnitrope
- Valtropin
- Serostim
- Saizen
- Zorbtive
describe the process of lyophilization
- aka cryodesication
- protein expressed in cell lines
- cell membrane lysed
- protein comes out to liquid medium
- FREEZE in frozen N (-180C, -321F)
- apply vacuumm
route of administration of hGH
- subQ: abdmone
- IM: deltoid, thigh
- pen: cool click, easy click
dosing of hGH
- depends on therapy
- usually 0.08 - 0.35 mg/kg/week
pK of hGH
- bound to growth hormone binding protein (GHBD) in plasma
- half life: 2-5 hours
characteristics of FSH
- glycoprotein
- exist as isohormone (but same activitiy)
- 35kDalton
What is a glycoprotein?
proteinsthat undergo post-translational modification
secretion of FSH
- produces and secreted by anterior pituitary
- regulated by GnRH
functions of FSH
- regulate development, pubertal maturation, and reproductive process
- acts synergistically with estrogens and LH to develop granulosa cells leading to follicular growth
therapeutic use of FSH
- Anovulation (including Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
- Ovarian hyperstimulation
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
PCOS
instead of one cyst growing, there are multiple cyst but they don’t grow big enough to accommodate the eggs; laser treatment can get rid of the other cysts to make room for one cyst to grow big enough
brand names of FSH
- Gonal-F
- Follistim
PK of FSH
- 77% bioavailable
- Serum levels may not correlate with pharmacological response
- Large variability in individual responses
