Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EMT-B > Test 3 Cardiac/Neuro > Flashcards

Test 3 Cardiac/Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four properties of cardiac cells?

A

Automaticity
conductivity
contractility
excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Ability of some cells to initiate their own electrical impulse?

A

Automaticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Ability of the myocardial cells & fibers to contract and stretch in response to an electrical stimulus?

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Ability of a cell to transmit an electrical impulse somewhere else?

A

Conductivity

When a muscle cell has been stimulated, it will conduct the stimulus to adjacent cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the ability to respond to an electrical stimulus?

A

Excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the electrical conduction order of the heart?

A

SA node to the AV node to the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This function sends a signal across the atria stimulating them to contract simultaneously?

A

SA node (primary pacemaker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This is a bridge of special electrical tissue between the atria and ventricles where the signal is slowed (one-two tenths of a second) to allow for blood to pass from the atria to the ventricles?

A

AV node (secondary pacemaker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This impulse then exits the AV node and spread throughout both the ventricles through the bundle of His, the right and left bundle branches, and the purkinje fibers, causing the muscles cells of the ventricles to contract?

A

Ventricles (final pacemaker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the firing rate of the SA node?

A

60-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the firing rate of the AV node?

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the firing rate of the ventricles?

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes vasodilation systemically. It results in reduced preload, afterload, and cardiac workload?

A

Nitroglycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the blood flow through the heart?

A

Vena cava -> R atrium -> tricuspid valve -> R ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> L atrium -> bicuspid (mitral) valve -> L ventricles -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Progressive narrowing of the heart blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis that leads to decreased oxygen to the heart muscle?

A

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the term for when supply of oxygen does not meet the demand of the muscle, usually during exertion and pain with activity?

A

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during angina?

A

Flow to the heart is reduced and heart muscle becomes hypoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the term for when blood flow is obstructed in an area of the heart muscle and actual cell death occurs do to hypoxia?

A

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the term for disease involving a decrease in blood flow to one or more portions of the heart muscle?

A

ischemic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel caused by a congenital defect or weakness in the wall of the vessel?

A

Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What restores normal heart rhythm by analyzing electrical signals from the heart and delivery of a shock after analysis of a cardiac rhythm when appropriate?

A

AED

Automated external defibrillator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the inability to understand and /or produce speech?

A

Aphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What kind of stroke occurs when plaque forms inside of the walls of the blood vessels and maybe obstruct blood flow, eventually causes complete occlusion of the artery?

A

ischemic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of stroke results from bleeding inside the brain, often fatal, increased risk with high stress, exertion and very high blood pressure?

A

hemorrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
where does the spinal cord exit?
The spinal cord exits the skull at the foramen magnum
26
What does the brain stem control?
``` Basic functions breathing blood pressure swallowing pupil constriction ```
27
How does the brain receive its oxygenated blood?
Internal carotid arteries | Vertebral arteries
28
What is a measurement of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate?
Cardiac output
29
How do you calculate cardiac output?
stroke volume x heart rate
30
What is the type of shock results when build up causes fluid to be forced out of the capillary beds that surround the alveoli leading to pulmonary edema?
Cardiogenic shock
31
What kind of shock is caused by the inadequate function of the heart or pump failure?
Cardiogenic shock
32
What type of shock results from a severe bacterial infections that cause toxins to be produced?
Septic shock
33
In this type of shock toxins that are produced by the bacterial damage the vessel walls, which causes increased cellular permeability (Access to the cell), the vessel walls leak and don’t constrict the way they should, causing widespread dilation of vessels in combination with plasma loss through the injured vessel walls resulting in shock?
Septic shock
34
What is the pathophysiological process of septic shock?
Septic shock starts with insufficient volume of fluid, then the leaked fluid collects in the alveoli interfering with respiration, then the vasodilation leads to larger than normal vascular volume, this increasing space combined with smaller than normal volume of intervascular fluid leads to shock.
35
What type of shock is caused by damage to the spinal cord usually at the upper cervical levels (high spinal) that causes loss of control to the musculature and vessels below the injury site?
Neurogenic shock
36
What are the signs and sx of septic shock?
warm skin fever low BP tachycardia
37
What type of shock is usually caused by brain conditions, pressure on the spinal cord, tumors, and spina bifida?
Neurogenic shock
38
What are the signs and sx of neurogenic shock?A
Bradycardia low blood pressure signs of a spinal injury
39
What type of shock results from a quick reaction to a substance to which she or he has been sensitized?
Anaphylactic shock
40
What is the physiological process of anaphylactic shock?
wide spread vascular dilation, increased permeability and bronchoconstriction.
41
What are the signs and sx of anaphylactic shock?
Signs and symptoms include itching or rash, burning skin, vascular dilation, generalized edema, coma or rapid death. The cause of anaphylactic shock is severe allergic reaction.
42
What type of shock results from inadequate amount of fluid in the circulatory system?
Hypovolemic shock
43
What are the causes of hypovolemic shock?
Diarrhea burns vomiting bleeding
44
How does hypovolemic shock occur from burns?
the intravascular plasma loss is caused when fluid leaks from the capillaries into the surrounding tissue Crushing injuries can also result in hypovolemic shock from loss of plasma and damaged vessels into injured tissues.
45
What are the signs and sx of hypovolemic shock?D
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock include rapid weak pulse, low blood pressure, change in mental status, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, and increased respiratory rate.
46
What is it called when shock progresses too far and becomes irreversible, the body is no longer working to make up for the blood loss (perfusion deficit)?
Decompensated shock
47
What are the signs and sx of decompensated shock?
The signs and symptoms of decompensated shock include falling blood pressure (systolic less than 90 mm Hg), declining mental status, altered level of consciousness, labored or irregular breathing, ashen, mottled or cyanotic skin, thready or absent peripheral pulses, dilated pupils, and poor urinary output.
48
How does the brain stem stimulates breathing?
The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratory control center. Its main function is to send signals to the muscles that control respiration to cause breathing to occur.
49
What group stimulates expiratory movement?
The ventral respiratory group
50
What is the trade name for nitroglycerin?
Nitrostat
51
What is the medication class of nitroglycerin?
Anti-anginal | vasodilator
52
What causes vasodilation systemically, reducing preload, afterload, and cardiac workload?
Nitroglycerin
53
What is the pharmacological action of nitroglycerin?
Causes vasodilation systemically, This results in reduced preload, afterload, and cardiac work load
54
What is the indication to administer nitroglycerin?
Chest pain determined to be cardiac origin
55
What are the requirements for assisting the patient with nitroglycerin?
- Patients script - Not expired - No contraindications found - MCEP consult and approval
56
What are the contraindications to giving nitroglycerin?
- Severe hypotension ( SBP must be at least 100mg Hg) - Extreme bradycardia (HR less than 50) - Tachycardia in the absence of heart failure (greater than 120bmp)
57
What is the primary medication reaction with nitroglycerin and why?
Because it can lead to a lethal drop in BP do not assist if the patient has taken a sexual performance/erectile dysfunction (SPED) medication or other phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors within the past 24-48.
58
What are the erectile dysfunction drugs that you should hold nitroglycerin for?
``` Sildenafil citrate (viagra) Tadalafil (Cialis) ```
59
How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if viagra was taken?
24 hours
60
How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if cialis was taken?
48 hours
61
What is the adult dose of nitroglycerin?
0.4 SL (Sublingual), tab or spray every 3-5 minutes up to 3 doses
62
What are the routes of administration of nitroglycerin?
Sublingual tab spray
63
How many doses of nitroglycerin can you give?
3 doses
64
How often is nitroglycerin given?
every 3-5 minutes
65
Can you give nitroglycerin or can you only assist with it?
assist with it
66
What is the dose for pediatric patients for nitroglycerin?
Its not recommended
67
What are the side effects of nitroglycerin?
``` Throbbing headache flushing dizziness burning under the tongue Less common severe hypotension ```
68
If the patient has side effects when given nitroglycerin what does that assure?
The pills are potent
69
What is the half life of nitroglycerin?
8-10 minutes
70
What is the duration of action of nitroglycerin?
30-60 minutes
71
What are the trade names for acetylsalicylic acid?
Aspirin | Bayer
72
What is the medication class of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
Antiplatelet agent
73
What is the pharmacological process of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
Interferes with platelet aggregation (makes platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, prevents clots from getting bigger)
74
What medication interferes with platelet aggregation making platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, keeping formed clots from getting bigger?
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
75
What is the indication of administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
Chest pain to be determined of cardiac origin (any patient suspected of AMI regardless of pain presence or absence and no contraindications)
76
What are the contraindications to giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
``` Bleeding disorders (recent severe trauma/GI bleeds) Aspirin-intolerant asthma ```
77
What are the medication interactions of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
none
78
What is the adult dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
324mg, orally (PO) preferably chewed
79
What is the pediatric dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
It should not given
80
What medication should all patients suspected to having an AMI without contraindications recieve?
``` acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ASA ```
81
After giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) will patients have a relief in pain?
NO its not given for pain relief
82
How long does iut take acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to absorb and take full effect?
25-30 minutes
83
What should you take caution of when giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to patients in reference of other medications?
Many OTC medications contain aspirin, be sure not to overdose the patient.
84
What is the half life of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
15-20 minutes
85
What is the duration of action for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?
1-4 hours
86
What is swelling or enlargement of the wall of an artery resulting from a defect or weakening of the arterial wall
Aneurysm

EMT-B (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions