Pharmacology test 2

Question 1

What is the medication class of oxygen?

Answer 1

Class III gas

oxidizer

Question 2

what is the pharmacological action of oxygen?

Answer 2

Aerobic metabolism

Question 3

What is required for aerobic metabolism?

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

When is oxygen generally administered?

Answer 4

Used to maintain an SPO2 of 94-96%

Question 5

what are the indications for use of oxygen?

Answer 5

Suspected hypoxia or respiratory distress
acute chest pain with myocardial infarction (AMI) (current AHA guidelines states to nly place the patient on O2 if they are hypoxic <90% or respiratory distress)
Shock
Trauma
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 6

What is shock?

Answer 6

Decreased oxygenation of the tissue

Question 7

What is the contraindication to using oxygen?

Answer 7

lack of indication (oxygen is no longer paced on a patient just because you must have a need)

Question 8

What are the 5 delivery devices used to give oxygen?

Answer 8

nasal cannula
Nebulizer therapy
Simple mask
Non Rebreather (NRB)
BVM

Question 9

What is the dose for low to moderate flow via NC (nasal cannula) for oxygen?

Answer 9

0.25-6 LMP

Question 10

What is the dose for oxygen administration with nebulizer therapy?

Answer 10

6-8 LPM to achieve a fine mist

Question 11

What is the dose for oxygen administration via a simple mask?

Answer 11

8-10 LMP

Question 12

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a nonrebreather (NRB)?

Answer 12

12-15 LMP

Question 13

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a BVM?

Answer 13

15+ LMP

Question 14

When should oxygen be used?

Answer 14

When a patient is short of breath (SOB), acute respiratory distress and has an oxygen stat under 94%, oxygen is no longer given as a comfort measure.

Question 14

What is the trade name for nitroglycerin?

Answer 14

Nitrostat

Question 15

What is the medication class of nitroglycerin?

Answer 15

Anti-anginal

vasodilator

Question 16

What causes vasodilation systemically, reducing preload, afterload, and cardiac workload?

Answer 16

Nitroglycerin

Question 17

What is the pharmacological action of nitroglycerin?

Answer 17

Causes vasodilation systemically, This results in reduced preload, afterload, and cardiac work load

Question 18

What is the indication to administer nitroglycerin?

Answer 18

Chest pain determined to be cardiac origin

Question 19

What are the requirements for assisting the patient with nitroglycerin?

Answer 19

• Patients script
• Not expired
• No contraindications found
• MCEP consult and approval

Question 20

What are the contraindications to giving nitroglycerin?

Answer 20

• Severe hypotension ( SBP must be at least 100mg Hg)
• Extreme bradycardia (HR less than 50)
• Tachycardia in the absence of heart failure (greater than 120bmp)

Question 21

What is the primary medication reaction with nitroglycerin and why?

Answer 21

Because it can lead to a lethal drop in BP do not assist if the patient has taken a sexual performance/erectile dysfunction (SPED) medication or other phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors within the past 24-48.

Question 22

What are the erectile dysfunction drugs that you should hold nitroglycerin for?

Answer 22

Sildenafil citrate (viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)

Question 23

How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if viagra was taken?

Answer 23

24 hours

Question 24

How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if cialis was taken?

Answer 24

48 hours

Question 25

What is the adult dose of nitroglycerin?

Answer 25

0.4 SL (Sublingual), tab or spray every 3-5 minutes up to 3 doses

Question 26

What are the routes of administration of nitroglycerin?

Answer 26

Sublingual tab spray

Question 27

How many doses of nitroglycerin can you give?

Answer 27

3 doses

Question 28

How often is nitroglycerin given?

Answer 28

every 3-5 minutes

Question 29

Can you give nitroglycerin or can you only assist with it?

Answer 29

assist with it

Question 30

What is the dose for pediatric patients for nitroglycerin?

Answer 30

Its not recommended

Question 31

What are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

Answer 31

``` Throbbing headache flushing dizziness burning under the tongue Less common severe hypotension ```

Question 32

If the patient has side effects when given nitroglycerin what does that assure?

Answer 32

The pills are potent

Question 33

What is the half life of nitroglycerin?

Answer 33

8-10 minutes

Question 34

What is the duration of action of nitroglycerin?

Answer 34

30-60 minutes

Question 35

What are the trade names for acetylsalicylic acid?

Answer 35

Aspirin | Bayer

Question 36

What is the medication class of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 36

Antiplatelet agent

Question 37

What is the pharmacological process of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 37

Interferes with platelet aggregation (makes platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, prevents clots from getting bigger)

Question 38

What medication interferes with platelet aggregation making platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, keeping formed clots from getting bigger?

Answer 38

acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

Question 39

What is the indication of administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 39

Chest pain to be determined of cardiac origin (any patient suspected of AMI regardless of pain presence or absence and no contraindications)

Question 40

What are the contraindications to giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 40

``` Bleeding disorders (recent severe trauma/GI bleeds) Aspirin-intolerant asthma ```

Question 41

What are the medication interactions of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 41

none

Question 42

What is the adult dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 42

324mg, orally (PO) preferably chewed

Question 43

What is the pediatric dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 43

It should not given

Question 44

What medication should all patients suspected to having an AMI without contraindications recieve?

Answer 44

``` acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ASA ```

Question 45

After giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) will patients have a relief in pain?

Answer 45

NO its not given for pain relief

Question 46

How long does iut take acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to absorb and take full effect?

Answer 46

25-30 minutes

Question 47

What should you take caution of when giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to patients in reference of other medications?

Answer 47

Many OTC medications contain aspirin, be sure not to overdose the patient.

Question 48

What is the half life of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 48

15-20 minutes

Question 49

What is the duration of action for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

Answer 49

1-4 hours