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EMT-B > Pharmacology test 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the medication class of oxygen?

A

Class III gas

oxidizer

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2
Q

what is the pharmacological action of oxygen?

A

Aerobic metabolism

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3
Q

What is required for aerobic metabolism?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

When is oxygen generally administered?

A

Used to maintain an SPO2 of 94-96%

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5
Q

what are the indications for use of oxygen?

A

Suspected hypoxia or respiratory distress
acute chest pain with myocardial infarction (AMI) (current AHA guidelines states to nly place the patient on O2 if they are hypoxic <90% or respiratory distress)
Shock
Trauma
Carbon monoxide poisoning

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6
Q

What is shock?

A

Decreased oxygenation of the tissue

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7
Q

What is the contraindication to using oxygen?

A

lack of indication (oxygen is no longer paced on a patient just because you must have a need)

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8
Q

What are the 5 delivery devices used to give oxygen?

A 
nasal cannula
Nebulizer therapy
Simple mask
Non Rebreather (NRB)
BVM
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9
Q

What is the dose for low to moderate flow via NC (nasal cannula) for oxygen?

A

0.25-6 LMP

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10
Q

What is the dose for oxygen administration with nebulizer therapy?

A

6-8 LPM to achieve a fine mist

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11
Q

What is the dose for oxygen administration via a simple mask?

A

8-10 LMP

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12
Q

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a nonrebreather (NRB)?

A

12-15 LMP

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13
Q

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a BVM?

A

15+ LMP

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14
Q

When should oxygen be used?

A

When a patient is short of breath (SOB), acute respiratory distress and has an oxygen stat under 94%, oxygen is no longer given as a comfort measure.

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14
Q

What is the trade name for nitroglycerin?

A

Nitrostat

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15
Q

What is the medication class of nitroglycerin?

A

Anti-anginal

vasodilator

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16
Q

What causes vasodilation systemically, reducing preload, afterload, and cardiac workload?

A

Nitroglycerin

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17
Q

What is the pharmacological action of nitroglycerin?

A

Causes vasodilation systemically, This results in reduced preload, afterload, and cardiac work load

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18
Q

What is the indication to administer nitroglycerin?

A

Chest pain determined to be cardiac origin

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19
Q

What are the requirements for assisting the patient with nitroglycerin?

A
  • Patients script
  • Not expired
  • No contraindications found
  • MCEP consult and approval
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20
Q

What are the contraindications to giving nitroglycerin?

A
  • Severe hypotension ( SBP must be at least 100mg Hg)
  • Extreme bradycardia (HR less than 50)
  • Tachycardia in the absence of heart failure (greater than 120bmp)
21
Q

What is the primary medication reaction with nitroglycerin and why?

A

Because it can lead to a lethal drop in BP do not assist if the patient has taken a sexual performance/erectile dysfunction (SPED) medication or other phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors within the past 24-48.

22
Q

What are the erectile dysfunction drugs that you should hold nitroglycerin for?

A 
Sildenafil citrate (viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
23
Q

How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if viagra was taken?

A

24 hours

24
Q

How long should you wait to give nitroglycerin if cialis was taken?

A

48 hours

25
Q

What is the adult dose of nitroglycerin?

A

0.4 SL (Sublingual), tab or spray every 3-5 minutes up to 3 doses

26
Q

What are the routes of administration of nitroglycerin?

A

Sublingual
tab
spray

27
Q

How many doses of nitroglycerin can you give?

A

3 doses

28
Q

How often is nitroglycerin given?

A

every 3-5 minutes

29
Q

Can you give nitroglycerin or can you only assist with it?

A

assist with it

30
Q

What is the dose for pediatric patients for nitroglycerin?

A

Its not recommended

31
Q

What are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

A 
Throbbing headache
flushing
dizziness
burning under the tongue
Less common severe hypotension
32
Q

If the patient has side effects when given nitroglycerin what does that assure?

A

The pills are potent

33
Q

What is the half life of nitroglycerin?

A

8-10 minutes

34
Q

What is the duration of action of nitroglycerin?

A

30-60 minutes

35
Q

What are the trade names for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Aspirin

Bayer

36
Q

What is the medication class of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

Antiplatelet agent

37
Q

What is the pharmacological process of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

Interferes with platelet aggregation (makes platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, prevents clots from getting bigger)

38
Q

What medication interferes with platelet aggregation making platelets less sticky and prevents clumping, keeping formed clots from getting bigger?

A

acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)

39
Q

What is the indication of administration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

Chest pain to be determined of cardiac origin (any patient suspected of AMI regardless of pain presence or absence and no contraindications)

40
Q

What are the contraindications to giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A 
Bleeding disorders (recent severe trauma/GI bleeds)
Aspirin-intolerant asthma
41
Q

What are the medication interactions of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

none

42
Q

What is the adult dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

324mg, orally (PO) preferably chewed

43
Q

What is the pediatric dose of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

It should not given

44
Q

What medication should all patients suspected to having an AMI without contraindications recieve?

A 
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 
ASA
45
Q

After giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) will patients have a relief in pain?

A

NO its not given for pain relief

46
Q

How long does iut take acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to absorb and take full effect?

A

25-30 minutes

47
Q

What should you take caution of when giving acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to patients in reference of other medications?

A

Many OTC medications contain aspirin, be sure not to overdose the patient.

48
Q

What is the half life of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

15-20 minutes

49
Q

What is the duration of action for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

A

1-4 hours

EMT-B (7 decks)

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