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EMT-B > Pharmacology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What medication class does albuterol belong to?

A

Selective Beta 2 agonist

Sympathomimetic

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2
Q

What are the trade names for albuterol?

A

Proventil

Ventolin

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3
Q

Which medications relaxe the bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 receptors?

A

Albuterol

levalbuterol

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4
Q

What are the 3 primary conditions albuterol is used to treat?

A

Asthma
COPD
Anaphylaxis (after epi has been given)

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5
Q

What are the contraindications to using albuterol?

A

none

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6
Q

Which medication when used with albuterol can result in hypertensive crisis?

A

MOAI (antidepressant)

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7
Q

Which medication can potentiate the effects of albuterol?

A

Beta-Adrenergic agents

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8
Q

Which medications decreased the effectiveness of albuterol?

A

Beta-Andrenergic blockers

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9
Q

What is the adult and pediatric primary route of administration of albuterol?

A

Inhalation

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10
Q

What is the adult dose of albuterol?

A

2.5mg-5mg

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11
Q

What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?

A

1.25mg-2.5mg

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12
Q

When should MCEP be consulted for albuterol usage with adult and pediatric patients?

A

Adult: after 10mg

Peds : after 5mg

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13
Q

Why should albuterol be used in caution with patients already using an inhalant?

A

possible development of severe paradoxical airway resistance (worsening bronchoconstriction) due to repeated excessive use.

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14
Q

What is the duration of action for albuterol?

A

2-6 hours

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15
Q

What is the half life for albuterol?

A

4 hours

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16
Q

What are the primary side effects of albuterol?

A

Increased pulse rate
Nervousness
Muscle tremors
(coughing after use sometimes occurs when the patient’s airway is more open to move secretions)

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17
Q

What is the trade name for ipratropium?

A

Atrovent

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18
Q

What is the medication class for ipratropium?

A

Anticholinergic

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19
Q

What drugs pharmacological action is to relax smooth muscle and cause sustained bronchodilation?

A

Ipratropium

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20
Q

What drug must ipratropium be used in conjunction with?

A

Albuterol

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21
Q

What are the 3 primary conditions ipratropium is used to treat IN CONJUNCTION with albuterol?

A

Astham
COPD
Anaphylaxis (After epi has been given)

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22
Q

What are the contraindications to using ipratropium?

A

Allergy to atropine
Allergy to soy
allergy to peanuts

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23
Q

What are the medication interactions of ipratropium?

A

Increased anticholinergic effect if given with other anticholinergic (oxivent and spiriva)

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24
Q

What is the adult dose and route of administration of ipratropium?

A

250-500mcg (0.25-0.5mg)

inhalation

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25
Q

Should you use ipratropium in pediatrics?

A

no

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26
Q

When should you use caution in administering ipratropium?

A

Elderly patients with history of cardiovascular disease or hypertension (HTN)

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27
Q

What is the half life of ipratropium?

A

2 hours

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28
Q

What is the duration of action of ipratropium?

A

3-6 hours

29
Q

What are the trade names for epinephrine?

A

Epipen

Twinject

30
Q

What is the medication class of epinephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic

Alpha/beta adrenergic agonist

31
Q

What is the pharmacologic action of epinephrine?

A

Strong alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1 and 2) adrenergic effects

32
Q

What are the indications for administration of epinephrine?

A

Asthma (Severe bronchoconstriction)
COPD (Severe bronchoconstriction)
Anaphylaxis

33
Q

What are the medication interactions with epinephrine?

A

Reduced effect when used with beta adrenergic blockers

34
Q

What are the contraindications to administer epinephrine?

A

none

35
Q

What is the adult dose and route for epinephrine?

A

0.3mg

IM (intramuscular)

36
Q

What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine and route?

A

0.01mg/kg (up to 0.3mg per dose)

IM (intramuscular)

37
Q

What concentration does epinephrine usually come in?

A

1mg/cc (1mg/mL)

38
Q

After how many doses of epinephrine should you contact your MCEP?

A

2, should contact them prior to administering the 3rd

39
Q

When used for allergic reactions, epinephrine can cause increased cardiac workload which can precipitate what two conditions?

A

Angina

AMI

40
Q

As an EMT basic which device are you required to use for epinephrine?

A

Prefilled (Epipen) or 0.3cc dose limiting syringe

41
Q

What is the half life and duration of epinephrine given IV?

A

unknown

Short

42
Q

What is the half life and duration of action of epinephrine given IM?

A

Unknown

1-4 hours

43
Q

what is the trade name for Levalbuterol?

A

Xopenex

44
Q

What is the medication class of levalbuterol?

A

Isomer, Beta 2 agonist

45
Q

What is the pharmacological action for levalbuterol?

A

Beta 2 receptor agonist, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 receptors

46
Q

What are the indications for administering levalbuterol?

A

Asthma
COPD
Anaphylaxis (after epi)

47
Q

What are the contraindications of using levalbuterol?

A

MOAI use within 14 days

peanut allergy

48
Q

What are the medication interactions for levalbuterol?

A

None

49
Q

which medication should not be mixed with levalbuterol?

A

atrovent

50
Q

What is the adult dose and route of administration of levalbuterol?

A

1.25mg - may repeat as necessary

Inhalation (IH)

51
Q

What is the pediatric dose and route of administration of levalbuterol?

A

0.63-1.25mg (repeat as necessary)

IH (inhalation)

52
Q

What is the duration of action of levalbuterol?

A

5-6 hours

53
Q

What is the half life of levalbuterol?

A

3-3.5 hours

54
Q

What is the primary difference between levalbuterol and albuterol?

A

Levalbuterol is an inhalation form only

Albuterol can be given in tablet, inhalation and syrup form

55
Q

What is the medication class of oxygen?

A

Class III gas

oxidizer

56
Q

what is the pharmacological action of oxygen?

A

Aerobic metabolism

57
Q

What is required for aerobic metabolism?

A

Oxygen

58
Q

When is oxygen generally administered?

A

Used to maintain an SPO2 of 94-96%

59
Q

what are the indications for use of oxygen?

A

Suspected hypoxia or respiratory distress
acute chest pain with myocardial infarction (AMI) (current AHA guidelines states to nly place the patient on O2 if they are hypoxic <90% or respiratory distress)
Shock
Trauma
Carbon monoxide poisoning

60
Q

What is shock?

A

Decreased oxygenation of the tissue

61
Q

What is the contraindication to using oxygen?

A

lack of indication (oxygen is no longer paced on a patient just because you must have a need)

62
Q

What are the 5 delivery devices used to give oxygen?

A 
nasal cannula
Nebulizer therapy
Simple mask
Non Rebreather (NRB)
BVM
63
Q

What is the dose for low to moderate flow via NC (nasal cannula) for oxygen?

A

0.25-6 LMP

64
Q

What is the dose for oxygen administration with nebulizer therapy?

A

6-8 LPM to achieve a fine mist

65
Q

What is the dose for oxygen administration via a simple mask?

A

8-10 LMP

66
Q

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a nonrebreather (NRB)?

A

12-15 LMP

67
Q

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a BVM?

A

15+ LMP

68
Q

When should oxygen be used?

A

When a patient is short of breath (SOB), acute respiratory distress and has an oxygen stat under 94%, oxygen is no longer given as a comfort measure.

EMT-B (7 decks)

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