Pharmacology Quiz 1 Flashcards by Craig Williams

What medication class does albuterol belong to?

Selective Beta 2 agonist

Sympathomimetic

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What are the trade names for albuterol?

Proventil

Ventolin

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Which medications relaxe the bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 receptors?

Albuterol

levalbuterol

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What are the 3 primary conditions albuterol is used to treat?

Asthma
COPD
Anaphylaxis (after epi has been given)

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What are the contraindications to using albuterol?

none

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Which medication when used with albuterol can result in hypertensive crisis?

MOAI (antidepressant)

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Which medication can potentiate the effects of albuterol?

Beta-Adrenergic agents

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Which medications decreased the effectiveness of albuterol?

Beta-Andrenergic blockers

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What is the adult and pediatric primary route of administration of albuterol?

Inhalation

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What is the adult dose of albuterol?

2.5mg-5mg

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What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?

1.25mg-2.5mg

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When should MCEP be consulted for albuterol usage with adult and pediatric patients?

Adult: after 10mg

Peds : after 5mg

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Why should albuterol be used in caution with patients already using an inhalant?

possible development of severe paradoxical airway resistance (worsening bronchoconstriction) due to repeated excessive use.

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What is the duration of action for albuterol?

2-6 hours

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What is the half life for albuterol?

4 hours

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What are the primary side effects of albuterol?

Increased pulse rate
Nervousness
Muscle tremors
(coughing after use sometimes occurs when the patient’s airway is more open to move secretions)

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What is the trade name for ipratropium?

Atrovent

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What is the medication class for ipratropium?

Anticholinergic

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What drugs pharmacological action is to relax smooth muscle and cause sustained bronchodilation?

Ipratropium

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What drug must ipratropium be used in conjunction with?

Albuterol

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What are the 3 primary conditions ipratropium is used to treat IN CONJUNCTION with albuterol?

Astham
COPD
Anaphylaxis (After epi has been given)

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What are the contraindications to using ipratropium?

Allergy to atropine
Allergy to soy
allergy to peanuts

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What are the medication interactions of ipratropium?

Increased anticholinergic effect if given with other anticholinergic (oxivent and spiriva)

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What is the adult dose and route of administration of ipratropium?

250-500mcg (0.25-0.5mg)

inhalation

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Should you use ipratropium in pediatrics?

When should you use caution in administering ipratropium?

Elderly patients with history of cardiovascular disease or hypertension (HTN)

What is the half life of ipratropium?

2 hours

What is the duration of action of ipratropium?

3-6 hours

What are the trade names for epinephrine?

Epipen | Twinject

What is the medication class of epinephrine?

Sympathomimetic | Alpha/beta adrenergic agonist

What is the pharmacologic action of epinephrine?

Strong alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1 and 2) adrenergic effects

What are the indications for administration of epinephrine?

Asthma (Severe bronchoconstriction) COPD (Severe bronchoconstriction) Anaphylaxis

What are the medication interactions with epinephrine?

Reduced effect when used with beta adrenergic blockers

What are the contraindications to administer epinephrine?

none

What is the adult dose and route for epinephrine?

0.3mg | IM (intramuscular)

What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine and route?

0.01mg/kg (up to 0.3mg per dose) | IM (intramuscular)

What concentration does epinephrine usually come in?

1mg/cc (1mg/mL)

After how many doses of epinephrine should you contact your MCEP?

2, should contact them prior to administering the 3rd

When used for allergic reactions, epinephrine can cause increased cardiac workload which can precipitate what two conditions?

Angina | AMI

As an EMT basic which device are you required to use for epinephrine?

Prefilled (Epipen) or 0.3cc dose limiting syringe

What is the half life and duration of epinephrine given IV?

unknown | Short

What is the half life and duration of action of epinephrine given IM?

Unknown | 1-4 hours

what is the trade name for Levalbuterol?

Xopenex

What is the medication class of levalbuterol?

Isomer, Beta 2 agonist

What is the pharmacological action for levalbuterol?

Beta 2 receptor agonist, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 receptors

What are the indications for administering levalbuterol?

Asthma COPD Anaphylaxis (after epi)

What are the contraindications of using levalbuterol?

MOAI use within 14 days | peanut allergy

What are the medication interactions for levalbuterol?

None

which medication should not be mixed with levalbuterol?

atrovent

What is the adult dose and route of administration of levalbuterol?

1.25mg - may repeat as necessary | Inhalation (IH)

What is the pediatric dose and route of administration of levalbuterol?

0.63-1.25mg (repeat as necessary) | IH (inhalation)

What is the duration of action of levalbuterol?

5-6 hours

What is the half life of levalbuterol?

3-3.5 hours

What is the primary difference between levalbuterol and albuterol?

Levalbuterol is an inhalation form only | Albuterol can be given in tablet, inhalation and syrup form

What is the medication class of oxygen?

Class III gas | oxidizer

what is the pharmacological action of oxygen?

Aerobic metabolism

What is required for aerobic metabolism?

Oxygen

When is oxygen generally administered?

Used to maintain an SPO2 of 94-96%

what are the indications for use of oxygen?

Suspected hypoxia or respiratory distress acute chest pain with myocardial infarction (AMI) (current AHA guidelines states to nly place the patient on O2 if they are hypoxic <90% or respiratory distress) Shock Trauma Carbon monoxide poisoning

What is shock?

Decreased oxygenation of the tissue

What is the contraindication to using oxygen?

lack of indication (oxygen is no longer paced on a patient just because you must have a need)

What are the 5 delivery devices used to give oxygen?

``` nasal cannula Nebulizer therapy Simple mask Non Rebreather (NRB) BVM ```

What is the dose for low to moderate flow via NC (nasal cannula) for oxygen?

0.25-6 LMP

What is the dose for oxygen administration with nebulizer therapy?

6-8 LPM to achieve a fine mist

What is the dose for oxygen administration via a simple mask?

8-10 LMP

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a nonrebreather (NRB)?

12-15 LMP

What is the dose for administration of oxygen using a BVM?

15+ LMP

When should oxygen be used?

When a patient is short of breath (SOB), acute respiratory distress and has an oxygen stat under 94%, oxygen is no longer given as a comfort measure.