Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the largest organ in the body?
A
The skin
2
Q
What are the 5 types of vertebrae?
A
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral (Sacrum) Coccyx
3
Q
What are the 3 primary vertebrae?
A
Cervical
thoracic
lumbar
4
Q
How many vertebrae are there in the cervical spine?
A
7
5
Q
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the spine?
A
12
6
Q
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
A
5
7
Q
Which part of the spine has fused vertebrae?
A
The sacrum
8
Q
how many sacral vertebrae are there?
A
5
9
Q
How many vertebrae make of the coccyx of the spine?
A
4
10
Q
What regulates the temperature of the body?
A
The skin
11
Q
What are the 3 layers of the skin?
A
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
12
Q
Which layer of the skin is the fatty layer (contains subcutaneous tissue)?
A
The hypodermis
13
Q
What ion gets reabsorbed to make muscles move?
A
Calcium
14
Q
What are the 3 types of muscle?
A
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
15
Q
Which type of muscle tissue is attached to the bones and allows for movement?
A
Skeletal
16
Q
Which type of muscle is specific to the heart?
A
Cardiac muscle
17
Q
Which muscle type is located in internal structures (blood vessels, digestive tract, uterus)?
A
Smooth muscle
18
Q
Blood Vessels, the digestive tract, and the uterus all contain what type of muscle?
A
Smooth muscle
19
Q
The autonomic nervous system controls which type of muscle?
A
Smooth muscle
20
Q
Which type of muscle allows for contraction and relaxation with great elasticity?
A
smooth muscle
21
Q
What are the trade names for Albuterol?
A
Ventolin
Proventil
22
Q
Name the medication that is a selective beta 2 agonist?
A
Albuterol
23
Q
Which class of medications is albuterol?
A
Selective Beta 2 Agonist, Sympathomimetic
24
Q
What is albuterol used primarily to treat?
A
wheezing
25
What are the 3 primary respiratory conditions albuterol is used to treat?
Asthma
COPD
Anaphylaxis (Only after EPI has been given)
26
If you give albuterol with what other medication will result in hypertensive crisis?
MAOI (type of antidepressant)
27
Which medications decrease the effectiveness of albuterol?
Beta-adrenergic blockers
28
What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?
1.25-2.5mg
29
How is albuterol administered to pediatric patients?
Inhalation
30
What is the dose of albuterol used in adult patients?
2.5-5mg
31
When should MCEP be consulted for albuterol usage?
Peds- after usage of 5mg
| Adult- after usage of 10mg
32
What is the half life for albuterol?
4 hours
33
what is the duration of action for albuterol?
2-6 hours
34
What medication contracts the smooth muscle to relax in asthma?
Albuterol
35
What is the primary muscle that assists with breathing?
Diaphragm
36
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
skeletal muscle
37
The muscle movement that refers to taking away is?
Abduction
38
The muscle movement that refers to adding is?
Adduction
39
What is the nerve that innervates the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve
40
Which nervous system is the fight or flight?
Sympathetic nervous system
41
Which nervous system controls the body's homeostasis?
The parasympathetic nervous system
42
Which nervous system is "rest and digest"?
Parasympathetic nervous system
43
What effects does the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?
Increases Heart Rate
Muscles contract
Pupils dilate
Bronchial tubes dilate
44
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the body?
Decreases heart rate
Muscles relax
constricts pupils
bronchial tubes contract
45
What is the nervous system that controls the body's response to perceive a threat?
The sympathetic nervous system
46
What is the nervous system that regulates the body's functions at rest?
The parasympathetic nervous system
47
What makes up the Central Nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
48
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
49
What is the function of the nervous system?
Brain signals to the body that send messengers to the organs for function, controls breathing
50
What is a normal pH level?
above 7.4
51
What is the term when a humans pH is below 7.4?
Acidotic
52
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems a part of?
The autonomic nervous system
53
What is the term when the diaphragm relaxes squeezing the lungs?
Exhalation (exhale)
54
What is the term when the diaphragm flattens causing the chest to rise (get bigger)?
Inhale (inhalation)
55
What anatomy is on top of the vocal cords and protects the lungs?E
Epiglottis
56
What structure folds when liquid is taken into the body?
Epiglottis
57
What is the term for the volume of blood pumped out of the heart?
Stroke volume
58
What anatomy is included in the upper airway?
The nose, larynx (vocal cords) and pharynx
59
What anatomy is included in the lower airway?
The trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
60
What is the term for movement of air in and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
61
What is the optimal oxygen stat for a patient?
94%
62
What is the normal heart rate?
60-100
63
What vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
64
What does etCO2 stand for?
End tidal Co2
65
What is the optimal range for etCO2?
35-45
66
What is the word for monitoring end tidal Co2?
Capnography
67
What is the system that's primary focus is to circulate the blood?
Cardiovascular
68
Is the pressure of the arteries high or low?
High
69
What color is arterial blood?
Dark red
70
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the body?
The Left side (the left ventricle)
71
Which side of the heart accepts blood from pulmonary circulation?
The ride side (the right atrium)
72
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right Atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
73
Where is the tricuspid valve located in the heart?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
74
How many directions does a valve flow?
one
75
What are the four valves of the heart?
Mitral valve
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
aortic valve
76
What is the purpose of the four valves of the heart?
To keep blood flowing in the right direction through the heart
77
what is the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
78
Which arteries deoxygenated blood?
The pulmonary arteries
79
What is cellular respiration that proceeds in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic
80
What is the cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobic
81
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Aerobic requires oxygen
82
what is a different word for without oxygen?
Hypoxic
83
What 3 things are produced during aerobic respiration?
Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
84
What are the 3 things produced during anaerobic respiration?
Ethanol, lactic acid, and ATP
85
What is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of your body?
Aorta
86
What are the three muscle layers of the heart?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium (in that order from outter most layer to inner)
87
What veins transport oxygenation blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
88
Is the blood in the pulmonary veins oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Oxygenated
89
Which chambers of the heart receive blood?
The right and left atrium
90
Which chambers of the heart pump blood out to the body?
The Right and Left Ventricles
91
which chamber of the heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body
The right atrium
92
Which chamber fo the heart pumps poor oxygenated blood to the lungs?
The right ventricle
93
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs?
the left atrium
94
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body?
The left ventricle
95
Where do the pulmonary veins pour into?
The left atrium
96
Where do the pulmonary arteries take blood?
From the right ventricle to the lungs
97
What arteries supply blood to the heart muscle?
Coronary arteries
98
What are the 5 main coronary arteries?
```
Left anterior descending artery
Left circumflex artery
Left posterior descending artery
Right marginal artery
Right posterior descending artery
```
99
What are the two primary coronary arteries?
The Left coronary Artery
| The right coronary artery
100
What does the small intestine consist of?
The duodenum, jejunum and ileum (in that order)
101
What is the large intestine made of?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, portions of the rectum (in this order)
102
what is the primary purpose of the large intestine?
absorption of water from indigestible food before excretion
103
what is the primary purpose of the small intestine?
Primary digestion and absorption of food
104
What ensures the standard of care on all EMS calls?
Q
104
What ensures the standard of care on all EMS calls?
Continuous quality improvement (CQI)
105
What are the four guidelines for the good samaritan law?
1. Good faith
2. Without expectation of compensation
3. Within scope of training
4. Did not act in grossly negligent manner
106
What is the law that protects someone who reasonably helps another person and keeps them from being held liable for error or omission?
The good samaritan law
107
What is it when the patient acknowledges he or she wants you to provide care or transport ? To remain valid, the patient must ultimately grant you informed consent (You have explained treatment, risks, and benefits to the patient).
Expressed consent
108
When a patient is unconscious or are otherwise incapable of making informed decisions what type of consent is implied?
Implied consent
109
When should implied consent be used?
Never unless a life or limb threat and you cannot obtain consent from the patient, spouse or family.
110
Which consent applied to a patient that is mentally ill, in behavioral crisis, or have a developmental delay?
Involuntary consent
111
What does HIPPA stand for?
Health insurance portability and accountability (HIPAA)
112
Who is responsible for continuing education credits?
The individual EMT
113
What entity issues a license in the state of NM?
NM EMS bureau after completion of the NREMT certification
114
What is required from the EMT basic?
Proof of 40 hours of CE's (CAPCE or state approved) in the designated topic areas
115
When does your license expire?
valid for 27 months, all training requirements must be completed in the first 24 months
116
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Provides structural support to bear the body's weight, establishes a framework to attach soft tissues and internal organs, and protects vital organs (heart & lungs.)
117
What is a specialized form of crisis intervention and support service used to reduce stress among emergency services workers?
Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)
118
Who founded the critical incident stress debriefing techique?
Jeffrey MItchell a former fire fighter now working as a psychologist
119
When should a debriefing occur?
24-72 hours after the critical incident
120
What is the only organ found in the peritoneal space?
The kidneys
121
What organs are located in the anterior abdomen?
Spleen, liver, stomach
122
What is the normal adult HR range?
60-100 BMP
123
What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
12-20 breaths per minute
124
What is the regular adult blood pressure?
120/80
125
What is the largest portion of the brain responsible for higher brain function?
The cerebrum
126
What are the lobes of the brain?
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
127
Which part of the brain controls balance, muscle coordination and posture?
The cerebellum
128
which part of the brain controls vital life sustaining functions such as ventilation, temperature, digestion, swallowing, coughing, the wake/sleep cycle, and circulation?The
The brainstem
129
What makes up the brainstem?
The midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
130
What is the foramen magnum?
Opening in the base of the cranium allowing the spinal cord and brain to connect
131
What are the quadrants of the abdomen?
```
The RUQ (right upper quadrant)
The RLQ (right lower quadrant)
The LUQ (left upper quadrant)
The LLQ (left lower quadrant)
```
132
What organs are found in the RUQ?
Liver, transverse colon, gallbladder and R kidney
133
What are the organs found in the LUQ?
Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, left kidney and transverse colon
134
What organs are found in the RLQ?
Appendix, R ovary
135
What organs are found in the LLQ?
Sigmoid colon, Left ureter, left ovary
136
What is the term for when you had a doctor (MCEP), an emergency room physician on the phone/radio to make medical decisions?
Online medical control
137
What is the term for indirect contact with an emergency room physician such as standing orders, training and supervision?
Offline medical control
138
Who has the responsibility of serving as the liaison with the medical community, ensuring the appropriate standards are met by EMS personnel, and ensuring appropriate EMT education and continuing training?
The medical director
139
what is an emergency physician that gives you specific treatment orders/permission to use certain medications for the pt being seen on the scene/on route to the hospital?
Medical control emergency physician (MCEP)
140
What type of drug is epinephrine?
Sympathomimetic
141
When is epinephrine used?
Severe bronchospasm
| Anaphylaxis
142
What is the primary drug interaction for epinephrine?
Reduced effects with Beta-adrenergic blocker
143
What is needed for administration of epinephrine?
Online medical control
144
What patients should be cautioned with epinephrine use?
Patients with peripheral vascular insufficiency (HTN)
145
What is the dose and route of epinephrine?
0.3mg, subcutaneous (SQ) or IM using a prefilled self limited device
146
What does SAMPLE stand for?
```
S- Signs and symptoms
A- Allergies
M- Medications
P- past medical hx
L- last oral intake
E- Events leading up to the injury or illness
```
147
What does OPQRSTU stand for?
```
O-onset
P-Provocation (what make it better or worse)
Q-Quality
R-Radiation
S- Severity (1-10 scale)
T- time (Chronic or acute)
U- has it happened before
```
148
What is ABCDE?
```
A-Airway
B-breathing
C-circulation
D-Disability
E- Exposure
```
149
What is PENMAN?
```
P- PPE
E-Enviroment
N- number of patients
M- MOI/NOI
A- Additional resources
N- Need for C collar
```
