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EMT-B > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest organ in the body?

A

The skin

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of vertebrae?

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral (Sacrum)
Coccyx
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3
Q

What are the 3 primary vertebrae?

A

Cervical
thoracic
lumbar

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are there in the cervical spine?

A

7

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5
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the spine?

A

12

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

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7
Q

Which part of the spine has fused vertebrae?

A

The sacrum

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8
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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9
Q

How many vertebrae make of the coccyx of the spine?

A

4

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10
Q

What regulates the temperature of the body?

A

The skin

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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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12
Q

Which layer of the skin is the fatty layer (contains subcutaneous tissue)?

A

The hypodermis

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13
Q

What ion gets reabsorbed to make muscles move?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle

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15
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is attached to the bones and allows for movement?

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

Which type of muscle is specific to the heart?

A

Cardiac muscle

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17
Q

Which muscle type is located in internal structures (blood vessels, digestive tract, uterus)?

A

Smooth muscle

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18
Q

Blood Vessels, the digestive tract, and the uterus all contain what type of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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19
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls which type of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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20
Q

Which type of muscle allows for contraction and relaxation with great elasticity?

A

smooth muscle

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21
Q

What are the trade names for Albuterol?

A

Ventolin

Proventil

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22
Q

Name the medication that is a selective beta 2 agonist?

A

Albuterol

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23
Q

Which class of medications is albuterol?

A

Selective Beta 2 Agonist, Sympathomimetic

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24
Q

What is albuterol used primarily to treat?

A

wheezing

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25
Q

What are the 3 primary respiratory conditions albuterol is used to treat?

A

Asthma
COPD
Anaphylaxis (Only after EPI has been given)

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26
Q

If you give albuterol with what other medication will result in hypertensive crisis?

A

MAOI (type of antidepressant)

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27
Q

Which medications decrease the effectiveness of albuterol?

A

Beta-adrenergic blockers

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28
Q

What is the pediatric dose of albuterol?

A

1.25-2.5mg

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29
Q

How is albuterol administered to pediatric patients?

A

Inhalation

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30
Q

What is the dose of albuterol used in adult patients?

A

2.5-5mg

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31
Q

When should MCEP be consulted for albuterol usage?

A

Peds- after usage of 5mg

Adult- after usage of 10mg

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32
Q

What is the half life for albuterol?

A

4 hours

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33
Q

what is the duration of action for albuterol?

A

2-6 hours

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34
Q

What medication contracts the smooth muscle to relax in asthma?

A

Albuterol

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35
Q

What is the primary muscle that assists with breathing?

A

Diaphragm

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36
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

skeletal muscle

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37
Q

The muscle movement that refers to taking away is?

A

Abduction

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38
Q

The muscle movement that refers to adding is?

A

Adduction

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39
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve

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40
Q

Which nervous system is the fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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41
Q

Which nervous system controls the body’s homeostasis?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system

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42
Q

Which nervous system is “rest and digest”?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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43
Q

What effects does the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?

A

Increases Heart Rate
Muscles contract
Pupils dilate
Bronchial tubes dilate

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44
Q

What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the body?

A

Decreases heart rate
Muscles relax
constricts pupils
bronchial tubes contract

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45
Q

What is the nervous system that controls the body’s response to perceive a threat?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

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46
Q

What is the nervous system that regulates the body’s functions at rest?

A

The parasympathetic nervous system

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47
Q

What makes up the Central Nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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48
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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49
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Brain signals to the body that send messengers to the organs for function, controls breathing

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50
Q

What is a normal pH level?

A

above 7.4

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51
Q

What is the term when a humans pH is below 7.4?

A

Acidotic

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52
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems a part of?

A

The autonomic nervous system

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53
Q

What is the term when the diaphragm relaxes squeezing the lungs?

A

Exhalation (exhale)

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54
Q

What is the term when the diaphragm flattens causing the chest to rise (get bigger)?

A

Inhale (inhalation)

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55
Q

What anatomy is on top of the vocal cords and protects the lungs?E

A

Epiglottis

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56
Q

What structure folds when liquid is taken into the body?

A

Epiglottis

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57
Q

What is the term for the volume of blood pumped out of the heart?

A

Stroke volume

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58
Q

What anatomy is included in the upper airway?

A

The nose, larynx (vocal cords) and pharynx

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59
Q

What anatomy is included in the lower airway?

A

The trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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60
Q

What is the term for movement of air in and out of the lungs?

A

Ventilation

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61
Q

What is the optimal oxygen stat for a patient?

A

94%

62
Q

What is the normal heart rate?

A

60-100

63
Q

What vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

64
Q

What does etCO2 stand for?

A

End tidal Co2

65
Q

What is the optimal range for etCO2?

A

35-45

66
Q

What is the word for monitoring end tidal Co2?

A

Capnography

67
Q

What is the system that’s primary focus is to circulate the blood?

A

Cardiovascular

68
Q

Is the pressure of the arteries high or low?

A

High

69
Q

What color is arterial blood?

A

Dark red

70
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the body?

A

The Left side (the left ventricle)

71
Q

Which side of the heart accepts blood from pulmonary circulation?

A

The ride side (the right atrium)

72
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right Atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

73
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located in the heart?

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

74
Q

How many directions does a valve flow?

A

one

75
Q

What are the four valves of the heart?

A

Mitral valve
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
aortic valve

76
Q

What is the purpose of the four valves of the heart?

A

To keep blood flowing in the right direction through the heart

77
Q

what is the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid valve

78
Q

Which arteries deoxygenated blood?

A

The pulmonary arteries

79
Q

What is cellular respiration that proceeds in the absence of oxygen?

A

Anaerobic

80
Q

What is the cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen?

A

Aerobic

81
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic requires oxygen

82
Q

what is a different word for without oxygen?

A

Hypoxic

83
Q

What 3 things are produced during aerobic respiration?

A

Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

84
Q

What are the 3 things produced during anaerobic respiration?

A

Ethanol, lactic acid, and ATP

85
Q

What is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of your body?

A

Aorta

86
Q

What are the three muscle layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium (in that order from outter most layer to inner)

87
Q

What veins transport oxygenation blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

88
Q

Is the blood in the pulmonary veins oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

Oxygenated

89
Q

Which chambers of the heart receive blood?

A

The right and left atrium

90
Q

Which chambers of the heart pump blood out to the body?

A

The Right and Left Ventricles

91
Q

which chamber of the heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body

A

The right atrium

92
Q

Which chamber fo the heart pumps poor oxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

The right ventricle

93
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs?

A

the left atrium

94
Q

Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen rich blood to the body?

A

The left ventricle

95
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins pour into?

A

The left atrium

96
Q

Where do the pulmonary arteries take blood?

A

From the right ventricle to the lungs

97
Q

What arteries supply blood to the heart muscle?

A

Coronary arteries

98
Q

What are the 5 main coronary arteries?

A 
Left anterior descending artery
Left circumflex artery
Left posterior descending artery
Right marginal artery
Right posterior descending artery
99
Q

What are the two primary coronary arteries?

A

The Left coronary Artery

The right coronary artery

100
Q

What does the small intestine consist of?

A

The duodenum, jejunum and ileum (in that order)

101
Q

What is the large intestine made of?

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, portions of the rectum (in this order)

102
Q

what is the primary purpose of the large intestine?

A

absorption of water from indigestible food before excretion

103
Q

what is the primary purpose of the small intestine?

A

Primary digestion and absorption of food

104
Q

What ensures the standard of care on all EMS calls?

A

Q

104
Q

What ensures the standard of care on all EMS calls?

A

Continuous quality improvement (CQI)

105
Q

What are the four guidelines for the good samaritan law?

A
  1. Good faith
  2. Without expectation of compensation
  3. Within scope of training
  4. Did not act in grossly negligent manner
106
Q

What is the law that protects someone who reasonably helps another person and keeps them from being held liable for error or omission?

A

The good samaritan law

107
Q

What is it when the patient acknowledges he or she wants you to provide care or transport ? To remain valid, the patient must ultimately grant you informed consent (You have explained treatment, risks, and benefits to the patient).

A

Expressed consent

108
Q

When a patient is unconscious or are otherwise incapable of making informed decisions what type of consent is implied?

A

Implied consent

109
Q

When should implied consent be used?

A

Never unless a life or limb threat and you cannot obtain consent from the patient, spouse or family.

110
Q

Which consent applied to a patient that is mentally ill, in behavioral crisis, or have a developmental delay?

A

Involuntary consent

111
Q

What does HIPPA stand for?

A

Health insurance portability and accountability (HIPAA)

112
Q

Who is responsible for continuing education credits?

A

The individual EMT

113
Q

What entity issues a license in the state of NM?

A

NM EMS bureau after completion of the NREMT certification

114
Q

What is required from the EMT basic?

A

Proof of 40 hours of CE’s (CAPCE or state approved) in the designated topic areas

115
Q

When does your license expire?

A

valid for 27 months, all training requirements must be completed in the first 24 months

116
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system?

A

Provides structural support to bear the body’s weight, establishes a framework to attach soft tissues and internal organs, and protects vital organs (heart & lungs.)

117
Q

What is a specialized form of crisis intervention and support service used to reduce stress among emergency services workers?

A

Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)

118
Q

Who founded the critical incident stress debriefing techique?

A

Jeffrey MItchell a former fire fighter now working as a psychologist

119
Q

When should a debriefing occur?

A

24-72 hours after the critical incident

120
Q

What is the only organ found in the peritoneal space?

A

The kidneys

121
Q

What organs are located in the anterior abdomen?

A

Spleen, liver, stomach

122
Q

What is the normal adult HR range?

A

60-100 BMP

123
Q

What is the normal adult respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

124
Q

What is the regular adult blood pressure?

A

120/80

125
Q

What is the largest portion of the brain responsible for higher brain function?

A

The cerebrum

126
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

127
Q

Which part of the brain controls balance, muscle coordination and posture?

A

The cerebellum

128
Q

which part of the brain controls vital life sustaining functions such as ventilation, temperature, digestion, swallowing, coughing, the wake/sleep cycle, and circulation?The

A

The brainstem

129
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

The midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

130
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

Opening in the base of the cranium allowing the spinal cord and brain to connect

131
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen?

A 
The RUQ (right upper quadrant)
The RLQ (right lower quadrant)
The LUQ (left upper quadrant)
The LLQ (left lower quadrant)
132
Q

What organs are found in the RUQ?

A

Liver, transverse colon, gallbladder and R kidney

133
Q

What are the organs found in the LUQ?

A

Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, left kidney and transverse colon

134
Q

What organs are found in the RLQ?

A

Appendix, R ovary

135
Q

What organs are found in the LLQ?

A

Sigmoid colon, Left ureter, left ovary

136
Q

What is the term for when you had a doctor (MCEP), an emergency room physician on the phone/radio to make medical decisions?

A

Online medical control

137
Q

What is the term for indirect contact with an emergency room physician such as standing orders, training and supervision?

A

Offline medical control

138
Q

Who has the responsibility of serving as the liaison with the medical community, ensuring the appropriate standards are met by EMS personnel, and ensuring appropriate EMT education and continuing training?

A

The medical director

139
Q

what is an emergency physician that gives you specific treatment orders/permission to use certain medications for the pt being seen on the scene/on route to the hospital?

A

Medical control emergency physician (MCEP)

140
Q

What type of drug is epinephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic

141
Q

When is epinephrine used?

A

Severe bronchospasm

Anaphylaxis

142
Q

What is the primary drug interaction for epinephrine?

A

Reduced effects with Beta-adrenergic blocker

143
Q

What is needed for administration of epinephrine?

A

Online medical control

144
Q

What patients should be cautioned with epinephrine use?

A

Patients with peripheral vascular insufficiency (HTN)

145
Q

What is the dose and route of epinephrine?

A

0.3mg, subcutaneous (SQ) or IM using a prefilled self limited device

146
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for?

A 
S- Signs and symptoms
A- Allergies
M- Medications
P- past medical hx
L- last oral intake
E- Events leading up to the injury or illness
147
Q

What does OPQRSTU stand for?

A 
O-onset
P-Provocation (what make it better or worse)
Q-Quality
R-Radiation
S- Severity (1-10 scale)
T- time (Chronic or acute)
U- has it happened before
148
Q

What is ABCDE?

A 
A-Airway
B-breathing
C-circulation
D-Disability
E- Exposure
149
Q

What is PENMAN?

A 
P- PPE
E-Enviroment
N- number of patients
M- MOI/NOI
A- Additional resources
N- Need for C collar

EMT-B (7 decks)

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