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EMT-B > Pharmocology Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Pharmocology Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the medication class for glucose?

A

glucose elevating agent

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2
Q

What is the pharmacological action of glucose?

A

Increases the blood glucose level

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3
Q

When should you administer glucose?

A

Symptomatic hypoglycemia in a patient that can protect their airway

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4
Q

How do you administer glucose if the patient cannot protect their airway?

A

You need ILS/ALS to administer IV dextrose

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5
Q

What are the contraindications to giving glucose?

A

All are relative

Intra-cranial/intraspinal hemorrhage

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6
Q

What are the medication interactions for glucose?

A

none

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7
Q

What is the adult dose and route of administration of glucose?

A

buccal with 12-25 gm spread with a tongue depressor

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8
Q

What is the pediatric dose and route of glucose?

A

buccal with 12-25 gm spread with a tongue depressor

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9
Q

What needs to be done before administration of glucose?

A

Attempts at documenting hypoglycemia via automatic glucometry should be made before administration

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10
Q

Are the half life and duration of action of glucose known?

A

no

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11
Q

What is the trade name for Pralidoxime?

A

2 PAM chloride

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12
Q

What is the medication class of pralidoxime?

A

Cholinesterase reactivator (anticholinesterase antidote)

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13
Q

What is the pharmacological action of Pralidoxime? (What does it do)

A

Reactivates cholinesterase, restoring the body’s ability to metabolize acetylcholine

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14
Q

What are the indications to administer Pralidoxime?

A

Nerve agent exposure

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15
Q

What are the contraindications to giving Pralidoxime?

A

None when indicated

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16
Q

What is the adult dose and route of administration of pralidoxime?

A

600mg, IM via autoinjector

Repeat every 3-5 minutes until desired effect (symptoms abate)

**must be administered vial autoinjector
nerve agent antidote kit (NAAK)
mark 1 kit ( after atropine)
Duodose (in conjunction with atropine)

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17
Q

What is the pediatric dose of pralidoxime?

A

600mg, IM via autoinjector

Repeat every 3-5 minutes until desired effect (symptoms abate)

**must be administered vial autoinjector
nerve agent antidote kit (NAAK)
mark 1 kit ( after atropine)
Duodose (in conjunction with atropine)

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18
Q

What is the only route of administration of pralidoxime?

A

IM via AUTOINJECTOR

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19
Q

How often can you repeat dosing of pralidoxime?

A

every 3-5 minutes until desired effect (symptoms abate)

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20
Q

What class of pesticides will pralidoxime not work for?

A

Pesticides of the carbamate class

21
Q

What other drugs must be given at the same time as pralidoxime?

A 
In conjunction with atropine (duodose)
after atropine (Mark I kit)
22
Q

What are the trade names for ibuprofen?

A

Advil

Motrin

23
Q

What is the medication class of ibuprofen?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

24
Q

What is the pharmacological action of ibuprofen?

A

Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins in body tissue

25
Q

What are the indications of administration of ibuprofen?

A

For the acute management of pain in patients older than 6 months of age
For the acute management of fever in patients older than 6 months of age

26
Q

How old does a patient have to be to get ibuprofen?

A

at least 6 months old

27
Q

What are the contraindications to giving ibuprofen?

A
  • Perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass (CABG surgery)
  • Preterm infants with suspected or diagnosed, untreated infections
  • Active intracranial bleeding or GI bleeding
  • Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
  • Coagulation defects (clotting defects)
  • Proven necrotizing enterocolitis
  • Significant renal impairment
28
Q

What are the medication interactions of ibuprofen?

A

Coumadin
Plavix
ASA (ASpirin)
Other NSAID or anticoagulants (blood thinners)

29
Q

What is the adult dose and route of amininstration of ibuprofen?

A

10mg/kg up to 800mg PO

30
Q

What is the pediatric dose and route of administration of ibuprofen?

A

10mg/kg not to exceed 800mg

31
Q

What is a short acting, convulsion like activity in a child with a fever that lasts less than 5 minutes and is generalized, usually not requiring anti-seizure medication?

A

febrile seizure

32
Q

Should oncology patients get ibuprofen?

A

NO, they should not be given ibuprofen or other NSAIDS due to risk of increased bleeding associated with these medications

33
Q

What should be considered in all febrile pediatric patients?

A

Toxic ingestion, such as benadryl or other anticholinergics and can cause fever, should be considered in pediatric patients with fever

34
Q

Should you give ibuprofen in a treat and release situation?

A

No it should only be administered if transport is initiated

35
Q

What is the half life of ibuprofen when used for anagelsic?

A

1.5 -2 hours

36
Q

What is the duration of action of ibuprofen when used for analgesia?

A

4-6 hours

37
Q

What is the half life of ibuprofen when used for antipyretic (Fever)?

A

2-2.5 hours

38
Q

What is the duration of action for ibuprofen when used for antipyretic (Fever)?

A

6-8 hours

39
Q

What is the trade name for activated charcoal?

A

Charcola

Actidose-aqua

40
Q

What is the medication of activated charchoal?

A

Antidote (GI adsorbent)

41
Q

What is the pharmacological action of activated charcoal?

A

Adheres to many drugs and chemicals, inhibiting their absorption in the GI tract

42
Q

What is the indication of administration for activated charcoal?

A

Used in the treatment of certain cases of poisoning and overdose in the alert patient.

43
Q

What are the contraindications to giving activated charcoal?

A
  • Decreased LOC that would render the patient unable to protect their airway (aspiration risk)
  • GI obstruction
  • Unless other substances have been ingested, do not administer to patients that have ingested the following; Cyanide, acids (mineral acids), alkali’s (caustic alkalis), Hydrocarbons (organic solvents, ethanol, methanol…), and Heavy metals (Iron salts…), or lithium. Charcoal will be ineffective or minimally effective with these substances.
44
Q

What are the medications interactions with activated charcoal?

A
  • Interferes with N-Acetylcysteine, call MCEP before administering to an Acetaminophen OD
  • Milk products decrease effectiveness.
45
Q

What is the dose and route of administration of activated charcoal for an adult patient?

A

1gm/kg PO

46
Q

What is the dose and route of administration of activate charcoal in a pediatric patient?

A

1gm/kg PO

47
Q

Can you give activated charcoal to a patient who cannot maintain their airway?n

A

no, the patient must be capable of protecting their airway overtime

48
Q

Are the half life and duration of action of activated charcoal known?

A

no they are unknown

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