Test 3 Flashcards
what are the four chambers of the heart?
two atria and two ventricles
what are the four valves of the heart?
tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic
thick cardiac muscle tissue in the heart chambers
myocardium
single layer of epithelium that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves
endocardium
thin membrane that attaches to the exterior surface of the myocardium
epicardium
contraction
systole
relaxation
diastole
heart layer that protects
pericardium
ensure a one way system of blood flow
cardiac valves
projections of the cardiac valves
cusps
tendons that hold the cusps in place and are attached to the inner walls of the heart by small papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
the cardiac valve opening is too narrow
stenosis
when blood leaks back in the cardiac valve
regurgitation
blood vessels
arteries, arterioles, veins, venules and capillaries
where do arteries get blood?
from the heart
what do veins do?
give blood to the heart
what is blood made of?
plasma, blood cells, and waters
what is plasma made of?
hormones, nutrients, and waste products
difference between cardiac arrest and MI
cardiac arrest person will be unconscious, heart attack person will be conscious. Cardiac arrest is electrical problem, heart attack is circulation problem.
leukemia fatal in less than 6 months if not treated
acute leukemia
slow progression leukemia
chronic leukemia
What are the two types of cells involving leukemia?
myeloblasts and lymphoblasts
system that regulates and integrates the body’s metabolic activities
endocrine system
controls the function of the endocrine glands through its neural and hormonal paths
hypothalamus
secretions from the gland that are discharged to the blood or lymph and circulated to target organs upon where they act
hormones
gland that is located at the base of the brain and its function is the relationship between the hypothalamus and number of important hormones they control
pituitary gland
butterfly shaped endocrine gland in front of neck
thyroid gland
what are the thyroid hormones?
thyroxine, triidothyronine
What does thyroxine do?
helps with digestion, brain development, heart and muscle function
What does triiodothyronine do?
helps with metabolism, body temp, growth, heart and digestive function
how many molecules in thyroxine?
4 molecules of iodine
molecules in triidothyronine
3 molecules of iodine
insufficient iodine in diet
colloid goiter
from the ingestion of goitrogen
sporadic goiter
Normal T4 and T3 with thyroid enlargement
simple goiter
gland located on top of kidney
adrenal gland
what is in adrenal cortex
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, adrenal androgens
what is in the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
hormone that helps with movement, memory, reward
dopamine
hormone involved with heart rate and blood pressure, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle
norepinephrine
hormone involved with heart rate ,muscle strength, bp, and sugar metabolism
epinephrine
involves tesotsterone
adrenal androgens
involves cortisol, glucose metabolism
glucocorticoids
