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HPEX 353 > Test 2 Diseases > Flashcards

Test 2 Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

metabolic bone disease where bone becomes brittle, porous and vulnerable

A

osteoporosis

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2
Q

acute or chronic infection of bone forming tissue

A

osteomyelitis

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3
Q

chronic inflammatory process of joints and bones that results in degeneration of joint cartilage and bones

A

osteoarthritis

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4
Q

chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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5
Q

chronic disorder of uric acid metabolism

A

gout/gout arthitis

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6
Q

chronic progressive neuromuscular disease that increasing produces sporadic weakness and exhaustion of skeletal muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

chronic inflammatory connective tissues disorder

A

systemic lupus erythmatosus

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8
Q

chronic condition characterized by pain in muscles, ligaments, and tendons

A

fibromyalgia

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9
Q

who is targeted for osteoporosis

A

post menopausal women over age 50

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10
Q

what causes osteomyelitis

A

staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

who is more likely to get osteomyelitis

A

children, specifically boys

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12
Q

who is most likely to get osteoarthritis

A

women after 55, mostly at 70

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13
Q

who is more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis

A

women

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14
Q

who is more likely to have gout

A

men around age 30 more than women with menopause

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15
Q

who is more likely to get myasthenia gravis

A

women 20-40

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16
Q

who is more likely to get systemic lupus erythmatosus

A

women 15-45(8x more)

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17
Q

who is more likely to get fibromyalgia

A

women by 80 percent

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18
Q

how to diagnose osteoporosis

A

DEXA
blood test for mineral content

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19
Q

how to diagnose osteomyelitis

A

-blood culture for microorganisms
-x-rays ,bone scan, MRI
-bone biopsy
-physical exam

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20
Q

how to diagnose osteoarthritis

A

-physical exam and thorough medical history
-x-rays(bone scan and MRI)

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21
Q

how to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

A

-rheumatoid factor blood test
-ESR, CBC
-synovial fluid analysis
-x-ray

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22
Q

how to diagnose gout

A

urinalysis(reveals hyperuremia)
-ESR
-x-rays and physical exam
-identify urate crystals in joint fluid

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23
Q

how to diagnose myasthenia gravis

A

-neurological exam
-electromyography
-MRI or CT scan

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24
Q

how to diagnose systemic lupus erythmatosus

A

-CBC, ESR
-Anti Nuclear Antibody test
-Leukocytes in bone marrow

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25
Q

how to diagnose fibromyalgia

A

-often misdiagnosed

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26
Q

treatments for fibromyalgia

A

-pain meds
-antidepressants
-physical therapy

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27
Q

treatments for systemic lupus erythmatosus

A

-anti inflammatory
-corticosteroids

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28
Q

treatments for myasthenia gravis

A

-thymectomy
-corticosteroids
-anticholinesterase drug

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29
Q

treatment for gout

A

-pain meds
-corticosteroids
-bed rest
-local heat or ice
-proper diet and fluids

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30
Q

treatments for rheumatoid arthritis

A

-anti inflammatory
-corticosteroids
-surgery for advanced RA

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31
Q

treatments for osteoarthritis

A

-anti inflammatory
-local heat
-physical therapy
-physical activity restriction

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32
Q

treatment for osteomyelitis

A

-antibiotics
-analgesics
-tissue bone grafts

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33
Q

treatments for osteoporosis

A

-increase in calcium, phosphate, and multivitamins
-exercise

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34
Q

disease with symptoms:
fractures and lower back pain

A

osteoporosis

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35
Q

disease with symptoms:
-sudden onset of fever, chills, malaise, sweating, pain, swelling over affected bone, fatigue

A

osteomyelitis

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36
Q

symptoms:
-deep aching joint pain
-stress and swelling, especially in morning
-crepitation

A

osteoarthritis

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37
Q

symptoms:
early: malaise, low grade fever, fatigue, weight loss
later: joint pain and stiffness

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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38
Q

symptoms:
-sudden onset of joint pain(big toes)
-hyperuricemia
-tophi
-renal dysfunction

A

gout/gout arthritis

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39
Q

symptoms:
skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability
-blepharoptosis
-dysphagia
-respiratory distress
-double vision

A

myasthenia gravis

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40
Q

symptoms:
-butterfly rash
-nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-muscle problems
-weight loss
-fever
-fatigue

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

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41
Q

recurring headache characterized by intense pain, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting

A

migraine headache

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42
Q

brain collides with inside of skull

A

traumatic brain injury

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43
Q

temporary episodes of impaired neurological activity resulting from insufficient blood flow to a part of brain

A

transient ischemic attacks

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44
Q

sudden impairment of consciousness and subsequent paralysis

A

cerebrovascular accident

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45
Q

chronic brain disorder with recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor, and psychological activity

A

epilespy

46
Q

inflammation of the meninges

A

meningitis

47
Q

progressive, chronical, ultimately fatal brain syndrome with death of neurons in cerebral cortex

A

Alzheimer disease

48
Q

chronic brain disease with progressive muscle rigidity and involuntary tremors

A

Parkinson disease

49
Q

chronic, progressive, and irreversible autoimmune disease with destruction of myelin

A

multiple sclerosis

50
Q

1st change in vision, then muscle weakness, paralysis, fatigue, numbness

A

multiple sclerosis

51
Q

symptoms:
bradykinesia, rigid extremities, tremors, balance issues, shuffling walk, muffled speech, stress, fatigue, anxiety

A

parkinson disease

52
Q

symptoms:
progressive memory loss, depression, agitation and irritability, emotional detachment, sleep disturbances, deterioration of intellectual ability and physical activity

A

alzheimer’s disease

53
Q

symptoms:
severe headache, fever, vomiting nuchal rigidity, drowsiness, seizure, purple rash

A

meningitis

54
Q

symptoms:
uncontrollable twitch of fingers, hand and mouth, dizzy, sudden loss of consciousness, intense rigidity of body, chewing of tounge

A

epilepsy

55
Q

symptoms:
face droop, arms raise and one drifts, slurred speech, slow pulse, cheyne-stokes respiration numbness

A

cerebrovascular accident

56
Q

symptoms:
depends on portion of brain affected,
sudden muscle weakness, speech deficits, confusion, mental weakness

A

transient ischemic attacks

57
Q

symptoms:
brief unconsciousness, amnesia, headache, confusion, blurred vision, ringing in ears, convulsions and seizures, nausea and vomiting, slurred speech

A

traumatic brain injury

58
Q

symptoms:
before: photophobia, tinnitus, aura
during: nausea, vomiting, photophobia

A

migraine headache

59
Q

medical diagnosis of migraine headache

A

-history
-MRI or CT Scan

60
Q

medical diagnosis for traumatic brain injury

A

-CT and MRI immediately
-Glasgow’s Coma scale for severity

61
Q

treatment for migraine headache

A

-specific migraine meds
-preventatives
-beta blocker

62
Q

treatment for traumatic brain injury

A

-Mild: rest and mild analgesics
-Severe: medical emergency hospitalization

63
Q

medical diagnosis for transient ischemic attacks

A

-physical and neurological exam
-carotid ultrasound
-cranial CT and MRI

64
Q

medical diagnosis for Cerebrovascular accident

A

-medical history and physical exam
-angiogram
-transcranial doppler

65
Q

treatment for transient ischemic attacks

A

-depends on brain portion
-antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants drugs
-surgery

66
Q

treatment for cerebrovascular accident

A

-anticoagulant, antiplatelet agents
-surgery and physical rehab

67
Q

medical diagnosis for epilepsy

A

-medical history
-electroencephalogram
-cranial CT and MRI

68
Q

medical diagnosis for meningitis

A

-thorough medical history and physical exam
- blood/urine/throat culture to find infectious agent
-lumbar puncture for CSF, elevated leukocytes and presence of bacteria

69
Q

treatments for epilepsy

A

-anticonvulsant drugs
-neurosurgery for severe cases

70
Q

medical diagnosis for Alzheimer disease

A

-mental and function history and physical exam
-cranial CT and MRI
-PET Scan
-depression scale

71
Q

medical diagnosis for parkinson disease

A

-physical and neurological exam

72
Q

treatments for alzheimer disease

A

-cholinesterase inhibitors

73
Q

treatments for parkinson’s disease

A

levodopa
-anticholinergics
-physical therapy
-invasive techniques

74
Q

medical diagnosis for multiple sclerosis

A

-difficult to diagnose
-neurological exam
-eye exam
-CFS analysis
-cranial CT and MRI

75
Q

treatment for multiple sclerosis

A

-muscle relaxants
-rehab
-corticosteroids
-physiological therapy

76
Q

what causes migraine headaches?

A

changes in cerebral blood flow(vasoconstriction/vasodilation)

77
Q

who is affected by migraines

A

women 2x as much as men

78
Q

causes of traumatic brain injury

A

violent trauma events, cerebral concussion, cerebral contusion

79
Q

cause of transient ischemic attacks

A

temporary obstruction of cerebral arterioles by small emboli

80
Q

causes of cerebrovascular accident

A

hypertension, smoking, lack of exercise, high fat diet, diabetes

81
Q

FAST

A

Face, Arms, speech, time

82
Q

causes of epilepsy

A

mostly idiopathic, birth trauma, congenital malformations, fever, CVA, CNS infections

83
Q

acute inflammation of the lower respiratory tract

A

pneumonia

84
Q

potentially dangerous sleep disorder where breathing is repeatedly stopping and starting

A

sleep apnea

85
Q

high blood pressure that affects the lungs

A

pulmonary hypertension

86
Q

lung disease characterized by chronic oqbstruction of lung

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

87
Q

inflammatory disorder of air ways that causes recurrent spasms in bronchi of lungs

A

asthma

88
Q

malignant neoplasms in trachea, bronchi, or alveoli

A

lung cancer

89
Q

progressive, genetic disease, causes persistent lung infections and limits ability to breath over time

A

cystic fibrosis

90
Q

what causes pneumonia?

A

microorganism(streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilius influenzae)

91
Q

symptoms: coughing, sputum production, rales, chest pain, fever and chills

A

pneumonia

92
Q

symptoms:
loud snoring, hypersomnia, SOB, morning headaches, dry mouth sore throat, insomnia

A

sleep apnea

93
Q

symptoms:
asymptomatic for a long time followed by dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, edema, cyanosis, syncope

A

pulmonary hypertension

94
Q

symptoms:
Sob with mild exercise, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, frequent colds and flu
later: dyspnea, chronic cough, cyanosis. ,mucus production, swelling of feet/ankles/legs)

A

COPD

95
Q

medical diagnosis for pneumonia

A

-medical history and physical exam
-chest x-ray
-sputum smear and blood cultures

96
Q

treatments for pneumonia

A

-antibiotics/antifungal
-oxygen therapy
-analgesics
-increased fluid intake and bed rest
-chest physiotherapy and postural drainage

97
Q

medical diagnosis for sleep apnea

A

-sleep study
-pulse oximetry

98
Q

treatments for sleep apnea

A

-O2 therapy
-surgery

99
Q

medical diagnosis for pulmonary hypertension

A

-transesophageal echocardiogram
-pulmonary function test
-CF scan

100
Q

treatments for pulmonary hypertension

A

-depends on who classification
-vasodilators, anticoagulants, diuretics, oxygen therapy, calcium channel blockers, endothelium receptor

101
Q

medical diagnosis for COPD

A

-pulmonary function tests
-chest x-ray
-arterial blood gases
-sputum analysis

102
Q

medical diagnosis for asthma

A

-physical exam
-chest x-ray
-pulmonary function tests
-blood tests

103
Q

symptoms:
coughing, pronounced wheezing, dyspnea/tachypnea, chest tightness, pallor

A

asthma

104
Q

treatments for asthma

A

-bronchodilator’s, oxygen therapy, inhaled corticosteroids

105
Q

symptoms:
early: no symptoms
later: cough, hoarseness, weight loss, wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea, hemopytosis

A

lung cancer

106
Q

medical diagnosis for lung cancer

A

-chest x-ray or CT
-sputum cytology test
-bronchoscopy
-tissue biopsy

107
Q

treatment for lung cancer

A

-chemotherapy, surgery, radio therapy

108
Q

symptoms:
wheezy respiration, dry cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, lung infection, constipation, electrolyte imbalance, inability to absorb fats, pancreatic insufficiency

A

cystic fibrosis

109
Q

medical diagnosis for cystic fibrosis

A

-sweat test
-DNA test
-Chest x-ray
-pulmonary function test

110
Q

treatment for cystic fibrosis

A

antibiotic, bronchodilators, mucus thinning drugs, anti inflammatories

HPEX 353 (10 decks)

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