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Anatomy > Test 2a > Flashcards

Test 2a Flashcards

1
Q

Spine and skull form the longitudinal axis of the body

A

Axial skeleton

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2
Q

The bones of our limbs and girdles (pelvic/shoulder)

A

Appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

5 functions of the skeletal system

A

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation

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4
Q

What two minerals does the bone store?

A

calcium, phosphorus

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5
Q

Formation of blood cells within the marrow cavities of bones

A

Hematopoiesis

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6
Q

How many bones are there?

A

206

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7
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact, spongy

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8
Q

What is spongy bone also known as?

A

Cancellous bone

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9
Q

What form the beam-like network in spongy bone?

A

Trabeculae

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10
Q

What are the open spaces of spongy bone filled with?

A

Marrow

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11
Q

What classifies a long bone as a long bone

A

Longer in length than in width

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12
Q

How many ends does a long bone have

A

2

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13
Q

Long bones have _____ bone on the outside and _____ in the inside

A

Compact, spongy

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14
Q

What shape are short bones?

A

Cube

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15
Q

What kind of bone is short bone mostly made of?

A

Spongy

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16
Q

How many layers of compact bone do flat bones have?

A

2

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17
Q

What is in the inside of a flat bone?

A

Spongy bone

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18
Q

3 examples of long bones

A

Limbs, metatarsals, metacarpals

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19
Q

3 examples of short bones

A

carpals, tarsals, sesmoids

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20
Q

3 examples of flat bones

A

skull, ribs, sternum

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21
Q

2 exmaples of irregular bones

A

Pelvis, vertebrae

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22
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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23
Q

Fibrous connective tissue covering the shaft of a long bone

A

Periosteum

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24
Q

Fibers of connective tissue that secure periosteum to long bones

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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25
Q

Ends of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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26
Q

Covers external surface of epiphysis of a long bone

A

Articular cartilage

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27
Q

The remnant of epiphyseal growth plate of a long bone

A

Epiphyseal line

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28
Q

A growth plate found in young growing bones that causes lengthwise growth of bones

A

Epiphyseal plate

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29
Q

Hollow inside of bone shaft of a long bone

A

Medullary canal (or cavity)

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30
Q

What does the medullary canal store?

A

Fat or yellow marrow

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31
Q

In infants, what’s on the inside of the medullary canal?

A

Red marrow (where blood cells are produced)

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32
Q

In adults, what’s on the inside of the medullary canal

A

Red marrow (blood cells formation is in the spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses)

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33
Q

True or false: compact bones have passageways for nerves and blood vessels carrying nutrients and acts as a removal route for waste products

A

True

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34
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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35
Q

House bone cells

A

Lacunae

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36
Q

Concentric rings of lacunae found around the central Haversian canal

A

Lamellae

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37
Q

Minute canals radiating in all directions from lacunae

A

Canaliculi

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38
Q

Central, longitudinal canals of bones that carry blood vessels

A

Hayersian canal

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39
Q

Horizontal canals of bones that carry blood vessels and connect osteons to the medullary cavity

A

Volkman canal

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40
Q

Complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings

A

Osteon

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41
Q

Large, rounded bone projection

A

Tuberosity

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42
Q

4 places tuberosities are found

A

Tibia, ischium, humerus, radius

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43
Q

Small rounded bone projection

A

Tubercle

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44
Q

2 places tubercles are found

A

Humerus, femur

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45
Q

Prominent narrow bone ridge

A

Crest

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46
Q

3 places crests are found

A

Tibia, ilium, sacrum

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47
Q

Large, blunt, irregularly shaped bone prominence

A

Trochanter

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48
Q

1 place where trochanters are found

A

Femur

49
Q

Large, rounded weight bearing surface of bone

A

Condyle

50
Q

3 places condyles are found

A

Humerus, femur, tibia

51
Q

Small, rounded projection on surface of condyle

A

Epicondyle

52
Q

Sharp, slender, pointed bone projection

A

Spine

53
Q

3 places spines are found

A

Scapula, ischium, ilium

54
Q

Projection for joint that’s described as having a narrow neck

A

Head

55
Q

4 places joint heads are found

A

Femur, humerus, radius, fibula

56
Q

Projection for joint that’s described as a smooth, flattened surface

A

Facet

57
Q

2 places joint facets are found

A

ribs, vertebrae

58
Q

Projection for joint that’s described as a arm-like bar

A

Ramus

59
Q

3 places where joint ramuses are found

A

mandible, ischium, pubis

60
Q

Canal-like passage

A

Meatus

61
Q

Example of meatus

A

Ear canal

62
Q

Cavity filled with air within a bone

A

Sinus

63
Q

3 examples of sinuses

A

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid sinuses

64
Q

Shallow depression

A

Fossa

65
Q

2 examples of fossae

A

scapula, skull

66
Q

Furrow

A

Groove

67
Q

example of groove

A

Mandible

68
Q

Narrow, slit-like opening

A

Fissure

69
Q

example of fissure

A

eye sockets

70
Q

round oval opening through bone

A

Formane

71
Q

4 examples of foramens

A

skull, vertebrae, pelvis, sacrum

72
Q

2 sets of bones skull is formed from

A

Cranium, facial bones

73
Q

How many bones make up the cranium

A

8 flat bones

74
Q

Name 8 bones of cranium

A

Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

75
Q

4 sutures of cranium

A

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

76
Q

Fibrous membranes that have not yet converted to bone but connect cranial bones

A

Fontaneis

77
Q

How many facial bones are there

A

14

78
Q

Name the facial bones

A

Maxillae (2), palatine (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2), mandible)

79
Q

Upper jaw

A

Maxillae

80
Q

Rim of bone of teeth

A

Alveolar margins

81
Q

Form the hard palate

A

Palatine bones

82
Q

Form cheek bones and lateral wall of eye socket

A

Zygomatic bones

83
Q

Form medial wall of eye socket

A

Lacrimal bones

84
Q

Forms bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

85
Q

FOrms medial bony nasal septum

A

Vomer

86
Q

Forms the lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

Inferior nasal conchae

87
Q

Largest and strongest bone of the face

A

Mandible

88
Q

Only bone that does not attach directly to another bone

A

Hyoid bone

89
Q

What does the hyoid bone do?

A

Forms moveable base for tongue

90
Q

How many bones make up the spine

A

26

91
Q

What are the 26 bones of the spine

A

24 singular vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

92
Q

How many cervical bones

A

7

93
Q

How many thoracic bones

A

12

94
Q

How many lumbar bones

A

5

95
Q

How many fused bones make up the sacrum

A

5

96
Q

How many fused bones make up the coccyx

A

4

97
Q

2 functions of normal spinal curvatures

A

Absorb shock, provide flexibility

98
Q

Weight bearing disc of bone on the anterior side of vertebral bone

A

Vertebral body

99
Q

Ring of bone formed posterior to vertebral body

A

Vertebral arch

100
Q

Opening through which the spinal cord passes

A

Vertebral foramen

101
Q

Two lateral projections from vertebral arch

A

transverse process

102
Q

single projection at posterior vertebral arch (fused lamina)

A

Spinous process

103
Q

Pair projections that form joints with adjacent vertebrae above and below

A

Superior and inferior articular processes

104
Q

Narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing spinal cord

A

Spinal stenosis

105
Q

Congenital malformation of midline spinal column; failure of bony fusion between 2 lamina of all involved vertebrae

A

Spina bifida

106
Q

Found in between vertebral bones to absorb shock and allow flexibility

A

Intervertebral discs

107
Q

What percent of intervertebral discs is water

A

90%

108
Q

Outside of intervertebral disc

A

Fibrous annulus

109
Q

Inside of intervertebral disc

A

Nucleus pulposus

110
Q

Vertebral column not stacked correctly

A

Spondylolisthesis

111
Q

Protects heart, lungs, and major vessels and is composed of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

A

Thoracic (rib) cage

112
Q

3 bones that make up sternum

A

Manubrium, body of sternum, xiphoid

113
Q

How many pairs of ribs

A

12

114
Q

ribs 1-7 are known as ____ ribs

A

True

115
Q

WHat makes a rib a true rib

A

Directly attached to sternum

116
Q

ribs 8-12 are ____ ribs

A

false

117
Q

WHat makes a rib a false rib

A

Attach to cartilage, then to base of sternum

118
Q

ribs 11-12 are ____ ribs

A

floating

119
Q

what makes a rib a floating rib

A

Above kidneys, floating in back

Anatomy (11 decks)

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