Test 2a Flashcards
Spine and skull form the longitudinal axis of the body
Axial skeleton
The bones of our limbs and girdles (pelvic/shoulder)
Appendicular skeleton
5 functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
What two minerals does the bone store?
calcium, phosphorus
Formation of blood cells within the marrow cavities of bones
Hematopoiesis
How many bones are there?
206
Two types of bone tissue
Compact, spongy
What is spongy bone also known as?
Cancellous bone
What form the beam-like network in spongy bone?
Trabeculae
What are the open spaces of spongy bone filled with?
Marrow
What classifies a long bone as a long bone
Longer in length than in width
How many ends does a long bone have
2
Long bones have _____ bone on the outside and _____ in the inside
Compact, spongy
What shape are short bones?
Cube
What kind of bone is short bone mostly made of?
Spongy
How many layers of compact bone do flat bones have?
2
What is in the inside of a flat bone?
Spongy bone
3 examples of long bones
Limbs, metatarsals, metacarpals
3 examples of short bones
carpals, tarsals, sesmoids
3 examples of flat bones
skull, ribs, sternum
2 exmaples of irregular bones
Pelvis, vertebrae
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue covering the shaft of a long bone
Periosteum
Fibers of connective tissue that secure periosteum to long bones
Sharpey’s fibers
Ends of a long bone
Epiphysis
Covers external surface of epiphysis of a long bone
Articular cartilage
The remnant of epiphyseal growth plate of a long bone
Epiphyseal line
A growth plate found in young growing bones that causes lengthwise growth of bones
Epiphyseal plate
Hollow inside of bone shaft of a long bone
Medullary canal (or cavity)
What does the medullary canal store?
Fat or yellow marrow
In infants, what’s on the inside of the medullary canal?
Red marrow (where blood cells are produced)
In adults, what’s on the inside of the medullary canal
Red marrow (blood cells formation is in the spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses)
True or false: compact bones have passageways for nerves and blood vessels carrying nutrients and acts as a removal route for waste products
True
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
House bone cells
Lacunae
Concentric rings of lacunae found around the central Haversian canal
Lamellae
Minute canals radiating in all directions from lacunae
Canaliculi
Central, longitudinal canals of bones that carry blood vessels
Hayersian canal
Horizontal canals of bones that carry blood vessels and connect osteons to the medullary cavity
Volkman canal
Complex consisting of central canal and matrix rings
Osteon
Large, rounded bone projection
Tuberosity
4 places tuberosities are found
Tibia, ischium, humerus, radius
Small rounded bone projection
Tubercle
2 places tubercles are found
Humerus, femur
Prominent narrow bone ridge
Crest
3 places crests are found
Tibia, ilium, sacrum
Large, blunt, irregularly shaped bone prominence
Trochanter
1 place where trochanters are found
Femur
Large, rounded weight bearing surface of bone
Condyle
3 places condyles are found
Humerus, femur, tibia
Small, rounded projection on surface of condyle
Epicondyle
Sharp, slender, pointed bone projection
Spine
3 places spines are found
Scapula, ischium, ilium
Projection for joint that’s described as having a narrow neck
Head
4 places joint heads are found
Femur, humerus, radius, fibula
Projection for joint that’s described as a smooth, flattened surface
Facet
2 places joint facets are found
ribs, vertebrae
Projection for joint that’s described as a arm-like bar
Ramus
3 places where joint ramuses are found
mandible, ischium, pubis
Canal-like passage
Meatus
Example of meatus
Ear canal
Cavity filled with air within a bone
Sinus
3 examples of sinuses
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid sinuses
Shallow depression
Fossa
2 examples of fossae
scapula, skull
Furrow
Groove
example of groove
Mandible
Narrow, slit-like opening
Fissure
example of fissure
eye sockets
round oval opening through bone
Formane
4 examples of foramens
skull, vertebrae, pelvis, sacrum
2 sets of bones skull is formed from
Cranium, facial bones
How many bones make up the cranium
8 flat bones
Name 8 bones of cranium
Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
4 sutures of cranium
Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid
Fibrous membranes that have not yet converted to bone but connect cranial bones
Fontaneis
How many facial bones are there
14
Name the facial bones
Maxillae (2), palatine (2), zygomatic (2), lacrimal (2), nasal (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2), mandible)
Upper jaw
Maxillae
Rim of bone of teeth
Alveolar margins
Form the hard palate
Palatine bones
Form cheek bones and lateral wall of eye socket
Zygomatic bones
Form medial wall of eye socket
Lacrimal bones
Forms bridge of nose
Nasal bones
FOrms medial bony nasal septum
Vomer
Forms the lateral walls of nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
Largest and strongest bone of the face
Mandible
Only bone that does not attach directly to another bone
Hyoid bone
What does the hyoid bone do?
Forms moveable base for tongue
How many bones make up the spine
26
What are the 26 bones of the spine
24 singular vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
How many cervical bones
7
How many thoracic bones
12
How many lumbar bones
5
How many fused bones make up the sacrum
5
How many fused bones make up the coccyx
4
2 functions of normal spinal curvatures
Absorb shock, provide flexibility
Weight bearing disc of bone on the anterior side of vertebral bone
Vertebral body
Ring of bone formed posterior to vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Opening through which the spinal cord passes
Vertebral foramen
Two lateral projections from vertebral arch
transverse process
single projection at posterior vertebral arch (fused lamina)
Spinous process
Pair projections that form joints with adjacent vertebrae above and below
Superior and inferior articular processes
Narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing spinal cord
Spinal stenosis
Congenital malformation of midline spinal column; failure of bony fusion between 2 lamina of all involved vertebrae
Spina bifida
Found in between vertebral bones to absorb shock and allow flexibility
Intervertebral discs
What percent of intervertebral discs is water
90%
Outside of intervertebral disc
Fibrous annulus
Inside of intervertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus
Vertebral column not stacked correctly
Spondylolisthesis
Protects heart, lungs, and major vessels and is composed of thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
Thoracic (rib) cage
3 bones that make up sternum
Manubrium, body of sternum, xiphoid
How many pairs of ribs
12
ribs 1-7 are known as ____ ribs
True
WHat makes a rib a true rib
Directly attached to sternum
ribs 8-12 are ____ ribs
false
WHat makes a rib a false rib
Attach to cartilage, then to base of sternum
ribs 11-12 are ____ ribs
floating
what makes a rib a floating rib
Above kidneys, floating in back
