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Test 1a Flashcards

1
Q

Study of structure and function as they relate to the practice of medicine and other health sciences

A

clinical anatomy

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2
Q

study of structural changes in the body throughout the life span

A

developmental anatomy

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3
Q

study of the development of an embryo

A

embryology

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4
Q

Study of human movement

A

Kinesiology

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5
Q

4 types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, neural

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6
Q

Two or more tissues that perform a common function

A

organ

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7
Q

group of organs that work together for a common purpose

A

organ system

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8
Q

how many organs does the human body contain?

A

11

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9
Q

5 characteristics of anatomical position

A

erect, feet parallel, arms to sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body

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10
Q

Cut lengthwise, diving the body into anterior and posterior parts

A

coronal plane

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11
Q

cut lengthwise, dividing the body into right and left parts

A

Sagittal plane

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12
Q

Directly in the middle of the body

A

Midsagittal

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13
Q

Cut dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse plane

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14
Q

Opposite of anterior

A

posterior

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15
Q

Opposite of ventral

A

dorsal

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16
Q

Opposite of superior

A

inferior

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17
Q

Opposite of cranial

A

caudal

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18
Q

Opposite of lateral

A

medial

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19
Q

Opposite of proximal

A

distal

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20
Q

Opposite of superficial

A

deep

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21
Q

What does anterior refer to

A

front

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22
Q

What does posterior refer to

A

back

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23
Q

What does ventral refer to

A

back

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24
Q

What does dorsal refer to

A

belly

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25
Q

What does superior refer to

A

top

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26
Q

What does inferior refer to

A

bottom

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27
Q

What does cranial refer to

A

head

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28
Q

What does caudal refer to

A

tail

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29
Q

What does lateral refer to

A

side

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30
Q

What does medial refer to

A

down the middle

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31
Q

What does proximal refer to

A

closer to trunk

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32
Q

What does distal refer to

A

further from trunk

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33
Q

What does superficial refer to

A

surface

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34
Q

What does deep refer to

A

below surface

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35
Q

A hollowed structure

A

body cavity

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36
Q

Cavity that contains the brain

A

cranial cavity

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37
Q

Cavity that contains the spinal cord

A

spinal cavity

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38
Q

Cavity that contains heart and lungs

A

thoracic cavity

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39
Q

Cavity that contains stomach, liver, intestines

A

Abdominal cavity

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40
Q

Cavity that contains bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

A

Pelvic cavity

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41
Q

Function of nervous tissues

A

Control

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42
Q

Function of muscular tissues

43
Q

Function of connective tissues

44
Q

Function of epithelium tissues

45
Q

Specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit messages

46
Q

Two major functions of nervous tissues

A

excitability and conductivity

47
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

48
Q

6 characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

A

Voluntarily controlled, striated, multi-nucleated, long cylindrical shape, attached to skeleton, contracts quickly

49
Q

7 characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue

A

involuntary, striated, uni-nucleated, short branching cells, have intercalated disks, contracts quickly, only found in heart

50
Q

Main characteristic of connective tissue

A

protect, support, and binds together other tissues

51
Q

Living cells surrounded by a non-living ground substance and fibers found outside cells

A

extra-cellular matrix

52
Q

3 types of fiber types

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

53
Q

Fiber that functions in strength

54
Q

Fiber that functions in stretch and recoil

55
Q

Fiber that functions in internal skeleton

56
Q

5 types of connective tissue

A

Bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, blood

57
Q

Mature bone cells that sit inside lacunae

A

Osteocytes

58
Q

What type of substance makes up hard matrix that surrounds osteocytes

A

calcium salts, collagen fibers

59
Q

A resilient, semi-rigid form of connective tissue

60
Q

Mature cartilage cells that occur in spaces called lacunae

A

chondrocytes

61
Q

What type of substance makes up hard matrix that surrounds condrocytes

A

collagen and elastic fibers

62
Q

What type of cartilage is most abundant

63
Q

4 places hyaline cartilage is found

A

Ends of long bones, ventral ends of ribs, nose trachea larynx bronchi bronchioles, embryonic skeleton

64
Q

Cartilage that is highly compressible

A

fibrocartilage

65
Q

3 places where fibrocartilage is found

A

spinal column disks, menisci of knee, symphysis pubis

66
Q

Type of cartilage that tolerates repeated bending

A

Elastic cartilage

67
Q

2 places where elastic cartilage is found

A

epiglottis, external ear

68
Q

2 places dense connective tissue is found

A

lower layers of skin (dermis), tendons and ligament

69
Q

What makes loose connective tissue different from dense connective tissue

A

more cells and fewer fibers

70
Q

3 examples of loose connective tissue

A

areolar, adipose, reticular tissues

71
Q

Type of loose connective tissue that protects internal organs

A

areolar tissue

72
Q

Type of loose connective tissue that protects and insulates

A

adipose tissue

73
Q

Type of loose connective tissue that forms framework for lymph nodes and spleen

A

reticular tissue

74
Q

What kind of tissue is blood?

75
Q

4 primary functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

76
Q

4 examples of epithelial tissue

A

skin, lining of body cavities, lining of respiratory tract, lining of digestive tract

77
Q

Difference between simple and stratified epithelium

A

Simple: one layer of cells, stratified: more than one layer of cells

78
Q

What shape does squamous cells have

79
Q

What shape does cuboidal cells have

A

cube-shaped

80
Q

What shape does columnar cells have

A

column-shaped

81
Q

3 examples of simple epithelial

A

Air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, serous membranes lining ventral cavity

82
Q

3 examples of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Glands and ducts, walls of kidney tubules, surface of ovaries

83
Q

Columnar cells resting on a basement membrane but some are shorter than others and cell nuclei appear to be at different heights

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

84
Q

Example of pseudostratified columnar epithelial

A

Lining of respiratory tract

85
Q

Free edge cells are squamous, whereas the lower layrs closer to the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

86
Q

3 examples of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Esophagus, mouth, outer layer of skin

87
Q

3 examples of stratified epithelium

A

Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra

88
Q

One or more cell sthat make and secrete a particular product

89
Q

5 examples of secretions by glands

A

oil, perspiration, mucus, digestive enzymes, hormones

90
Q

Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

91
Q

4 examples of endocrine glands

A

thyroid, pituitary, ovaries, testest

92
Q

release secretion through ducts to the epithelial surface

A

exocrine glands

93
Q

4 examples of exocrine glands

A

liver, pancreas, sweat glands, oil glands

94
Q

3 types of epithelial membranes

A

cutaneous, mucous, serous

95
Q

type of connective membrane

96
Q

What defines a cutaneous membrane

A

hardened epithelium tissue layer with an underlying dense fibrous connective tissue layer

97
Q

What type of body parts do mucous membranes line?

A

Body cavities open to exterior

98
Q

What type of body parts do serous membranes line

A

closed ventral body cavities

99
Q

two layers of serous membranes

A

parietal, visceral

100
Q

2 functions of serous membranes

A

reduce friction, cushion and protect

101
Q

3 parts of serous membranes

A

peritoneum, pleura, pericardium

102
Q

Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

103
Q

Serous membrane that lines around the lungs

104
Q

Serous membrane that lines around the heart

A

pericardium

Anatomy (11 decks)

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