Test 2 Struggles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Eubacteria and Archaebacteria? (hint: one is real one is dead)

A

Eubacteria are called true bacteria, they have higher degrees of organization. Archaebacteria are called living fossils and they can survive in extremely harsh (highly acidic, high temperature, methanogenic) environments.

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2
Q

What characteristics do all prokaryotes share? (6)
(Remember who are prokaryotes?)

A

Prokaryotes: Eubacteria and Archaebactia
1. All are unicellular
2. All have circular DNA
3. All lack membrane-bound organelles
4. All are very small
5. All have cell wall
6. All reproduce asexually

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3
Q

Name 4 ways Archaea and Bacteria differ.
(think from inside —> outside)

A
  1. Archaea not disease causing in humans
  2. Archaea cell walls lack peptidoglycan
  3. Archaea have unique cell membrane
  4. Archaea unique DNA structure
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4
Q

Name 3 types of Archaeabacteria.
(remember: who are they? ARCHAEA)

A
  1. halophile: high salt concentration
  2. methanogen: anaerobic environment
  3. thermoacidophile: hydrothermal vents
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5
Q

What is an endospore?

A

Non-reproductive structure of bacteria that allows for survival under harsh conditions.

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6
Q

What is a protist?

A

A non-animal, non-plant, non-fungi eukaryote.

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7
Q

Ecological significance of bacteria (3)
How do they interact with the world?

A
  1. Decomposers
  2. Pathogens
  3. Mutualistic symbionts
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8
Q

What -phyletic group do Protists belong to?

A

Paraphyletic: coming from same ancestor but not including all descendants.

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9
Q

Monophyletic group: X ancestors, X descendants
Polyphyletic group: X ancestors, X descendants
Paraphyletic group: X ancestor, X descendants.

A

Monophyletic group: 1 ancestor, all descendants
Polyphyletic group: No common ancestor ancestor, some descendants
Paraphyletic group: 1 ancestor, some descendants.

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10
Q

What are the three categories of protists? Give an example of each.(you already know them all outside of the course)

A

Plant-like(amoeba), Animal-Like(algae), Fungi-like(mold)

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11
Q

Name the 2 vascular tissues in plants and their functions.

A

Xylem: water transport
Phloem: food transport

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12
Q

What did seedless vascular plants do during the carboniferous period? How did these turn into coal deposits? Now, when we burn fossil fuels, what is released into the atmosphere?

A
  1. Massive growth of these plants
  2. Dead plant matter+time+pressure=coal
  3. CO2 released
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13
Q

What happens during Anaphase II?

A

Separation of sister chromatids.

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14
Q

Approx when did life on earth begin?

A

3.5

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15
Q

When did earth form?

A

4.6 B years ago

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