L13 FUNGI Flashcards

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1
Q

List general charcteristics of fungi. (4)

A
  1. They are eukaryotic
  2. They have chitin in their cell walls
  3. They are heterotrophic
  4. They secrete exoenzymes that breakdown large molecules in order to absorb them.
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2
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
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3
Q

How to fungi reproduce?

A

Asexually via spores.

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4
Q

Name microscopic, multicellular and complex fungi.

A

Unicellular: yeast
Multicellular: mold
Large: mushroom IE shiitake

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Fungi have limits to growth.

A

FALSE: largest organisms in the world are recorded to be fungi.

Name: Honey mushrooms Age: estimated >2,400 years old Weight: estimated 7,500- 35,000 tons Size: 10 KM2
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6
Q

Where can fungi be found?

A

Fungi found almost everywhere.

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7
Q

List the main economic uses of fungi. (3)

A
  1. Food: mushrooms are highly polular food, fungi ripens and flavours cheeses, yeast is important component of bread & alcohol
  2. Drugs: many fungi natural antibiotic producers IE penicillin.
  3. Bioremediation: fungi can break down pollutants like petroleum fuels, herbicides etc into nontoxic compounds.
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8
Q

What is the fungi’s primary role in the ecosystem?

A

They are decomposers. They secrete enzymes to break down dead organic matter into products for ecosystem. They also play a role in nitrogen fixation. Recall ammomification. inorganic compounds => CO2 for atmosphere, NH4+ for soil.

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9
Q

List ecological benefits of fungi.

A
  1. They are decomposers
  2. They are plant parasites
  3. They cause disease and infection in humans (mycotoxins)
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10
Q

List mutualistic symbionts of fungi and orther organisms.

A
  1. Lichens = fungi + algaue/cyanobac
    Algae provides fixed organic C, fungi provides nutrients&shelter.
  2. Mycorrhizae = fungi + plant.
    Plant provides organic C, fungi provides nutrients and pathogene resistance.
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11
Q

How do trees & plants communicate & share nutrients
underground?

A

With the help
of vast underground mycorrhizal fungal
networks, they can transport their excess carbon-based food to younger more vulnerable trees

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12
Q

Is the relatioship between plants and fungi signficant?

A

Yes, almost all plant roots are associated with fungi today and have been since early life.

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13
Q

What are mycoheterotrophic plants?

A

Myco: relating to fungi
Heterotrophic: requiring organic carbon
Plants that are achlorophyllous (unable to photosynthesize) and use fungi to steal carbon from other plants.

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