L8 MITOSIS Flashcards
What are the three points of cell theory?
- All organisms are made of 1+ cells
- Cells are the basic building block of life
- All cells come from existing cells.
What is chromatin?
Non-compressed strand of DNA+proteins in the nucleus.
What is chromosome?
Tightly condensed chromatin, shape during mitosis.
What is an autosome?
Non-sex chromosome
What is karyotype?
An individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
What are the three stages of interphase?
- G1= cell growth
- S= DNA replication
- G2= cell function & error check
What are the two stages of mitotic period?
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
What is centromere?
Area where sister chromatids attach.
What is kinetochore?
Disk shape proteins that hold chromatids together at centromere.
What is a chromatid?
One single strand of compressed chromatin.
What is a centriole?
Cylindrical organelle that organizes microtubule spindle fibres.
What is centrosome?
Composed of 2 centrioles, creates the spindle fibres.
When are chromatids formed?
Chromatids are formed in S stage of interphase.
How to tell plant cell mitosis apart from animal cell mitosis? (2 features)
- Plant cell will have cellular plate formation in telophase, plant cell unable to create cleavage furrow
- Plant cells lack centrosome.
During which phase will you find the most amount of DNA?
G2 after DNA replication is complete.
How many sister chromatids are found in early telophase?
0, chromatids have not decompressed from chromosome formation yet in EARLY telophase.
When do microtubules form?
G2 stage of interphase.
When is a chromatid considered a chromosome?
Once sister chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase, each one is now considered a chromosome.
What is apoptosis?
Process of programmed cell death in cases of errors.
What is metastasis?
The spread of malignant cancer cells.
When does a cell become cancerous/malignant?
When it is able to metastize or spread to new areas.
When do the 3 error checkpoints happen?
G1, G2, M.
