L14 ANIMAL KINGDOM Flashcards
Name characteristics of all animals (5)
- Eukaryotic cells without a cell wall
- Multicellular organisms
- Extracellular matrix which binds cells together
4.Heterotrophic - Motile in one part of their life.
What is the simplest form of animal digestion? Explain.
Simplest form is intracellular digestion. Sponges create food vacuoles via phagocytosis and break down edible organic nutrients.
What is phagocytosis?
The digestive process whereby a simple animal (sponge) cell creates food vacuoles with their plasma membrane in order to break down organic nutrients.
What is extracellular digestion?
Extracellular digestion is the breakdown of organic compounds outside of the cell with an in/complete gut.
Name the two limitations to the body plan of an animal, and the 2 general solutions.
The two limitations are that animals must exchange materials with the environment, and cells need a continuous supply of nutrients & waste expel to maintain homeostasis.
The two solutions to this are to have a body size&shape such that most cells are
in direct contact with the environment, and have a circulatory/respiratory system.
What is diffusion?
Movement of a substance from a region of high concentrations to a region of lower concentration.
Define circulation via diffusion. Which animals use this method of circulation?
Circulation via diffusion involves the diffusion of nutrients, gases and chemical wastes between the cell and its environment.
Examples of cells who circulate via diffusion include sponges, jellyfish and some small wormies.
What is respiration via diffusion?
Respiration via diffusion is the respiratory process where by an organism exchanges gases with their environment through the surface of their body.
An animal who respires through diffusion needs a _____ environment.
Moist.
What is a circulatory system?
An evolved transport system characteristic of larger more complex animals.
The part of an animal where
gases are exchanged with the environment is called the ___________ ________.
Respiratory surface.
Name the three respiratory surfaces.
Gills, lungs & tracheal system.
What is a tracheal system?
The tracheal system of insects is a composition of air tubes that branch throughout the body for the purpose of respiration.
What are gills?
Very thin structures filled with capillaries that complex aquatic organisms like fish and crustaceans use for breathing underwater.
What are lungs?
What do they allow for?
Lungs are specialized structures that allow for gas exchange between air and blood.
What is unique about the Echinodermata Phyla?
They are the only ones to utilize a water vascular system (tube feet that function in locomotion, feeding and gas exchange.)
Name and describe the three types of body symmetry in animals.
- Asymmetry: a body with no regular form (sponge)
- Radial symmetry: body that is constructed around central axis (jellyfish)
- Bilateral symmetry: body that has a single plane of symmetry (us)
What is cephalization?
The concentration of sensory structures to the top of the body (head).
What is the advantage of segmentation?
The advantage of segmentation is that it allows for specialization of body parts.
Name the 4 characteristics of the Chordata phyla.
- All are bilaterally symmetrical with segmentation and cephalization.
- All have complete guts
- All have an endoskeleton comprised of bone or cartilage.
- All have a circulatory system.
Name the 4 structures all Chordata will have at some point in their development.
- Dorsal hollow nerve cord
- Notochord
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Post-anal tail
What are the three main Chordata groups?
- Tunicates
- Lancelets
- Vertebrates
Name the 7 main vertebrate groups.
- Jawless fish
- Cartilaginous fish
- Bony fish
- Amphibian
- Reptile
- Bird
- Mammal
What is endothermic?
Endo: inside Thermic: referring to temperature
Warm-blooded: animal is capable of generating heat internally to maintain body
temperature.
What is ectothermic?
Ecto: outside Thermic: referring to temperature
Cold-blooded: animal relies on external heat source to maintain body temperature.
How can an animal reproduce asexually? (3 ways)
Via regeneration, budding and parthenogenesis.
What is regeneration?
An asexual reproduction method in animals where a piece of the parent animal can be detached and grow into a new individual.W