L12B PLANTS Flashcards

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1
Q

Name plant characteristics. (6 total)

Cellular level? How does it live? How does it eat?

A
  1. Multicellar
  2. Eukaryotic
  3. Most are terrestrial.
  4. Non-motile
  5. Cells walls contain cellulose
  6. Most contain chlorophyll and scan synthesize organic products. (autotrophic)
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2
Q

Where are plants on the food chain?

A

Plants are the basis of the terrestrial food chain. They are producers.

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3
Q

Why are plants ecologically important?

Nutrition? Ecological benefits? Relation to other life? What about soil?

A
  1. They are the basis of the terrestrial food chain and virtually every organism depends on them (in)directly.
  2. They reduce greenhouse gasses
  3. They provide shade and shelter to wildlife.
  4. They build soil, they hold water and they hold soil.
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4
Q

Who is the ancestor of the plant?

A

Green algae.

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5
Q

What do plants and their ancestor have in common? 3 characteristics.

A

Plants and Green Algae both
1. Have the same photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a&b)
2. Both store carbohydrates as starch
3. Both have cellulose as main cell wall component.

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6
Q

What were 2 basic adaptations plants needed to survive on land?

A
  1. They developed a waxy cuticle that prevents desiccation (moisture loss).
  2. They developed stomata whihc are tiny pores on leaf surface that aid in gas exchange.
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7
Q

What is the purpose of the stomata?

A

The purpose of the stomata is to facilitate gas exchange.

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8
Q

Name the 4 main groups of land plants in descending order.

A
  1. Bryophytes
  2. Seedless vascular plants
  3. Gymnosperms
  4. Angiosperms
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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Bryophytes & Gymnosperms have similar reproductive needs.

A

FALSE: Bryophytes and Seedless vascular plants are dependent on water for reproduction, while Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are independent of water, they use wind&animals.

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10
Q

What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

A

Both are independent of water and instead use help of wind & animals to reproduce.

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11
Q

Whihc group of plants produces fruits?

A

Angiosperms.

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12
Q

Name characteristics of bryophytes.

Do they have all pl comp.? What’s their env. like? Mode of nut.?

A
  1. They have no true tissues and no vascular system.
  2. They are very smol
  3. They do not have true organs and rely on diffusion.
  4. They depend on water for reproduction as they have flagellated sperm that needs to swim.
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13
Q

Give an example of a bryophyte.

A

Moss.

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14
Q

What are rhizoids?

A

Rhizoids are root-like structures that bryophytes use to anchor to the environment.

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15
Q

How large are bryophytes?

A

Generally one cell thick.

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16
Q

In what kind of environment to bryophytes live in?

A

Moist.

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17
Q

What are vascular tissues?

A

Tissues in plants that are used for the movement of nutrients +H2O.

18
Q

What are the two kinds of vascular tissues? What are their funcitons?

A

Xylem: carries minerals+H2O from roots to leaves.
Phloem: carries organic molecules from leaves to storage sites.

19
Q

Name the 3 basic plant organs and their functions.

A

Root: anchors plant, nutrient+H2O uptake, storage.
Stem: plant support, transports material
Leaf: photosynthesis site, large surface area, gas exchange via stomata.

20
Q

What differentiates seedless vascular plants from bryophytes? What do they still have in common?

A

They now have vascular tissues that aid in circulation of nutrients as well as support. They can grow much large now.
They still have flagellated sperm that requires water to reach the egg.

21
Q

How do plants without seeds reproduce?

A

They reproduce through spreading spores.

22
Q

During what time period did seedless vascular plants play an important role in?

A

In the Carboniferous period, increased seedless vascular plant growth allowed removal of CO2 and contributed to global cooling.

23
Q

What is coal?
What is the equation for creating coal?

A

Coal is compressed, non-decomposed organic matter.

Time+pressure+chemical changes=coal.

24
Q

How were plants able to stop replying on water for reproduction?

entering their independent era yassss girl

A

The cooling after the carboniferous period created a cooler and drier environment that favoured seed development.

25
Q

What are the three components of a seed?

A
  1. Embryo
  2. Food supply
  3. Seed coat.
26
Q

What is special about the embryo of a plant seed?

A

The organs are already formed.

27
Q

What is a corniferous tree?

A

A tree whose leaves do not fall out at once. Generally classified as gymnosperm.

28
Q

Name characteristics of a gymnosperm.

A
  1. They have needle-shaped leaves
  2. They are corniferous.
  3. They are evergreen
  4. They are perrenials.
29
Q

Describe the process of fertilization in gymnosperms. What do the male and female cones do?

A

The male cone will produce pollen grains that will be carried via wind to the egg on female cone’s scale, where fertilization will occur. Seeds will then fall and grow into new gymnosperms.

30
Q

Name advantages and disadvantages of the naked seed.

A

Advantages: it does not need water for fertilization, it can remain dormant until favourable growing environment is reached.
Disadvantages: it is susceptible to environemntal influences and predation.

31
Q

Which group of plants are the most diverse?

A

Angiosperms.

32
Q

Name 2 new characteristics of angiosperms.

A
  1. They produce flowers to promote fertilization via animals
  2. Their seeds are now enclosed within a fruit
33
Q

What are disadvantages of air-borne pollination?

A

It is very wasteful as the plant must produce a lot of sperm and eggs to disperse.

34
Q

What was the solution to the disadvantages brought on by air-borne pollination?

A

Pollination via animals.

35
Q

What are the two things a plant must do to attract its insect pollinator?

A
  1. Needs to advertise with colourful, patterned flowers.
  2. Needs to offer a reward such as pollen (protein source) or nectar (carb source)
36
Q

In angiosperms, the flower becomes the fruit. What becomes what?

A

Ovary → Fruit
Ovule → Seed
Egg cell → Plant embryo

37
Q

How do angiosperms expand beyond their environments if they are non-motile?

A

Their seeds are dispersed by animals who eat their fruit and release seed via droppings.

38
Q

What is an economical significance of seed plants?

A

6 seed plant crops make up 80% of the calories consumed by humans, among many other edible products like tea, coffee, spices, etc.

39
Q

Name 2 fruit adaptations used to further disperse themselves.

hint: one of them totally doesnt look like a fuit.

A

Fruits can be buoyant like coconuts to travel across water, fruits like dandelions have little hairty structures that help them fly via wind.

40
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2+6H2O→sunlight→C6H12O6+6O2

6 carbon dioxide molecules + 6 water molecules are transformed, with energy from sunlight, into one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules.
41
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
  1. Stamen
    1A. Anther
    2A. Filament
  2. Carpel
    2A. Sigma
    2B. Stye
    2C. Ovary
  3. Petal
  4. Ovule
  5. Receptacle
  6. Sepal
Carpel is the name of one reproductive female organ, a pistil can contain 1 or more carpels.
42
Q

What parts of the flower did the fruit grow from?

A
  1. Egg cell becomes the plant embryo.
  2. Ovule becomes the plant seed.
  3. Ovary becomes the fruit surrounding seed.