L15 GENETICS I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

Sequence of nucleotides contianing information needed to make a specific protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many locuses/loci exist for each gene?

A

2: One for each chromosome copy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are these?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are these?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who came up with the rules and theories we know about genetics today?

A

Mendel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were Mendel’s three discoveries?

A
  1. The dominance&receciveness of alleles
  2. The law of segregation of alleles
  3. The law of independent assortment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Briefly describe Mendel’s first experiment.

A

He experimented with crossing purple and white flowers, and observing the resulting colour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were the two conclusions mendel came to after his experiment?

A
  1. That characteristics of an organism depend on inherited genes
  2. That each individual contains a pair of alleles for any particular gene.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the law of segregation state?

A

The two alleles for a gene will always end up in different gametes after meiosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is the Multiplication Rule used?

A

The multiplication rule is used to determine the probability that 2+ independent events will occur together.
In essence, their individual probabilities are multiplied.

Punnett Square is simple, visual way of carrying out multiplication rule.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When would you use the addition rule?

A

When you want to find out the probability of an outcome when there are 2+ ways to get there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the genotype for this flower?

A

It could be Homozygous (PP) or Heterozygous Dominant (Pp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is a test cross used? What do you need?

A

A test cross uses a recessive individual to find out if an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross?

A

A monohybrid cross focuses onone character, a dihybrid focuses on two.

17
Q
A
17
Q

What does the law of independent assortment state?

A

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT states that chromosomes will separate independent of one another when
sex cells are formed.

18
Q

What will the resulting genotype for the 4 daughter cells be?

A

Ry, rY, ry, RY

19
Q

How many gamete combinations will an individual with the following genotype produce?
AaBBccDdEE

A

We need to keep in mind the number of heterozygous genes, since the homozygous genes will 100% be passed down.
2 gamete combos to the power of the number of heterozygous genes.
Therefore, 2^2 = 4.
The 4 possible combinations are ABcDE, ABcdE, aBcDE, aBcdE.

20
Q

Fill in the blanks.

A
21
Q

Solve the following.

George has PKU (a recessive trait) and is myopic (a recessive trait). Marilyn is a carrier for both genes.
What is the probability that George and Marilyn will have a son who is myopic but does not have PKU?

What type of cross is this? What law is applicable?

A

1ST STEP: assign genotype to phenotype.
nonPKU: P
PKU: p
nonMyopic: M
myopic: m
2ND STEP: assign parents genotype.
George: ppmm Marilyn: PpMm.
3RD STEP: set up Punnett square.
4TH STEP: calculate probability.
ANSWER: 12.5%.