L15 GENETICS I Flashcards
What is a gene?
Sequence of nucleotides contianing information needed to make a specific protein.
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How many locuses/loci exist for each gene?
2: One for each chromosome copy.
What are these?
What are these?
Who came up with the rules and theories we know about genetics today?
Mendel.
What were Mendel’s three discoveries?
- The dominance&receciveness of alleles
- The law of segregation of alleles
- The law of independent assortment.
Briefly describe Mendel’s first experiment.
He experimented with crossing purple and white flowers, and observing the resulting colour.
What were the two conclusions mendel came to after his experiment?
- That characteristics of an organism depend on inherited genes
- That each individual contains a pair of alleles for any particular gene.
What does the law of segregation state?
The two alleles for a gene will always end up in different gametes after meiosis.
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When is the Multiplication Rule used?
The multiplication rule is used to determine the probability that 2+ independent events will occur together.
In essence, their individual probabilities are multiplied.
When would you use the addition rule?
When you want to find out the probability of an outcome when there are 2+ ways to get there.
What is the genotype for this flower?
It could be Homozygous (PP) or Heterozygous Dominant (Pp)
When is a test cross used? What do you need?
A test cross uses a recessive individual to find out if an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous..