Test 2 - RU Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy of the parathyroid

A

4 lobes located to each of the upper and lower poles of the thyroid

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2
Q

physiology of parathyroid

A

gland contains chief cells (produce parathyroid hormone) and oxyphil cells

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3
Q

activity of the PTG is controlled by the level of free _____

A

Ca

low Ca stimulates the gland

High Ca inhibits the gland

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4
Q

metabolic functions of the PTG

A

activates osteoclasts - removes Ca from bone - increases serum Ca

stimulates the kidney to reabsorb Ca and secrete phosphorus

converts vitamin D to active form - stimulates the kidneys and increases Ca absorption in the GI

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5
Q

primary - autonomous (spontaneous)

most common endocrine disorder

more common in women

95% are sporadic adenomas

bone changes with osteitis fibrosa cystica

gall stones (pancreatitis and steatorrhea)

peptic ulcer (increased Ca stimulates release of gastrin - stimualtes HCL)

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

secondary

usually chronic renal failure

decreased phosphate excretion

inadequate vitamin D intake

S/S are usually chronic renal failure

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

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7
Q

much less common

primary autoimmune atrophy

tetany, neuromuscular irritability

positive Chvostek sign - tapping along the facial nerve

positive trousseau sign - arm cuff with forearm and hand carpal spasm

A

hypoparathyroidism

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8
Q

type I - diminished cyclic AMP response to PTH, round faces, short stature

type II - blunded PTH response, hypocalemia results in PTH hyperfunction

A

psuedohypoparathyroidism

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9
Q
A
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