test 1 - small and large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

anomaly with an out pouching of all the layers

1/2 have heterotropic resets of gastric mucosa

A

merkel’s diverticulum

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2
Q

blind pouch of the alimentary tract lined by mucosa and communicating with the lumen

most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon

A

diverticulosis (acquired)

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3
Q

food does not pass which back’s up and causes the colon to stretch

A

megacolon

  • hirschsprung’s disease or apanglionic megacolon
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4
Q

inflammation of the intestine or colon

most common clinical findings: diarrhea or dysentery (painful bloody diarrhea)

A

enterocolitis

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5
Q

excessive intestinal fluid secretion

seen in infections and neoplasms

A

secretory diarrhea

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6
Q

excessive osmotic forces draw water into the lumen

seen in lactase deficiency, antacids and malabsorbtion syndrome

A

osmotic diarrhea

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7
Q

mucosal destruction with purulent, bloody stool

seen in infections and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

A

exudative diarrhea

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8
Q

varicose veins in the anus or rectum

results in portal hypertension which causes blood to back up

persistent constipation, cirrhosis of the liver

A

hemorrhoids

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9
Q

caused by crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (both CD positive)

may be caused by autoimmunity

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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10
Q

aka skip lesions or regional enteritis

most common in the small intestine and colon

non-caseating granuloma, fissure, fistula, and abscess

A

crohn’s disease

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11
Q

limited to the colon

more common in women

ulcers are superficial and continuous accompanied by pseudopolyps

not thickening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen like crohns

A

ulcerative colitis

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12
Q

tumors located at the region of the ampula of vater lead to

A

gangrene

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13
Q

tumor with cell origin is not an adenoma

outcome of abnormal mucosal maturation resulting in inflammation

A

non-neoplastic tumor

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14
Q

hamartomatous malformation, multiple polyps, risk of developing adenocarcinoma

A

juvanile polyps

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15
Q

single or multiple hamartomatous, multiple polyps throughout whole GI, risk of developing pancreatic cancer, breast, ovary, lung, and uterus

A

peutz jeghers polyps

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16
Q

neoplastic, adenomas and epithelial in origin, most common in colon, may be sporadic or familial

A

neoplastic polyps

17
Q

multiple polyps, multiple osteomas, fibromatosis

A

gardner’s syndrome

18
Q

combination of multiple adenomatous polypsis and gliomas

A

turcot syndrome

19
Q

increased risk of carcinoma, multiple polyps, neoplastic polyps: adenomas and epithelial in origin, most common in colon

A

hereditary polyposis - lynch syndrome

20
Q

tumors most often seen in appendix

A

carcinoid tumors

21
Q

all ___ are malignant, rectal and appendical are asymptomatic

A

carcinoids

22
Q
A