test 1 - small and large intestine Flashcards
anomaly with an out pouching of all the layers
1/2 have heterotropic resets of gastric mucosa
merkel’s diverticulum
blind pouch of the alimentary tract lined by mucosa and communicating with the lumen
most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon
diverticulosis (acquired)
food does not pass which back’s up and causes the colon to stretch
megacolon
- hirschsprung’s disease or apanglionic megacolon
inflammation of the intestine or colon
most common clinical findings: diarrhea or dysentery (painful bloody diarrhea)
enterocolitis
excessive intestinal fluid secretion
seen in infections and neoplasms
secretory diarrhea
excessive osmotic forces draw water into the lumen
seen in lactase deficiency, antacids and malabsorbtion syndrome
osmotic diarrhea
mucosal destruction with purulent, bloody stool
seen in infections and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
exudative diarrhea
varicose veins in the anus or rectum
results in portal hypertension which causes blood to back up
persistent constipation, cirrhosis of the liver
hemorrhoids
caused by crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (both CD positive)
may be caused by autoimmunity
inflammatory bowel disease
aka skip lesions or regional enteritis
most common in the small intestine and colon
non-caseating granuloma, fissure, fistula, and abscess
crohn’s disease
limited to the colon
more common in women
ulcers are superficial and continuous accompanied by pseudopolyps
not thickening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen like crohns
ulcerative colitis
tumors located at the region of the ampula of vater lead to
gangrene
tumor with cell origin is not an adenoma
outcome of abnormal mucosal maturation resulting in inflammation
non-neoplastic tumor
hamartomatous malformation, multiple polyps, risk of developing adenocarcinoma
juvanile polyps
single or multiple hamartomatous, multiple polyps throughout whole GI, risk of developing pancreatic cancer, breast, ovary, lung, and uterus
peutz jeghers polyps