Test 2 - HEART Flashcards
what is the cuase of ischemic heart disease
atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries
pain in the chest that is precipitated by exertion
stable angina
prolonged or recurrent pain in the chest at REST
unstable angina
intermitttent chest pain at rest
prinzmetal angina
where does an MI most likely occur/affect
L ventricle
MI that traverses the entire L ventricular wall from the endocardium to the epicardium
transmural infarction
MI that is limited to the interior 1/3 of the wall of the left ventricle
subendocardial infarction
when do these enzymes peak in acute MI
CK-MB
Troponin I
LDH
Myoglobin
CK-MB: 24 hours
Troponin 1: 24 hours
LDH - 3 days
Myoglobin - 6 hours
multisystem inflammatory disorder with major cardiac manifestations and sequelae, most often affecting children between 5-15yo
caused by streptococci
rheumatic fever
RF:
owl eye appearance
focal interstitial myocardial inflammation
aschoff cells
anitschkow myocytes
aschoff body
RF:
bread and butter
pericarditis
RF:
leads to valvular damage
L side
endocarditis
RF:
what valve is most likely affected in rheumatic heart disease
fish mouth buttonhole
mitral valve
diastolic pressure higher in L atrium than L ventricle
RF:
noncardiac symptoms
fever, malasia, increased erythrocyte
joint involvment
arthralgia - joint pain
arthritis - join inflammation
CNS involvment - sydenham chorea (muscular movements, bizarre grimaces)
bacterial, sometimes fungal, infection of the endocardium
endocarditis
50% pts die
caused by pathogens - staph
secondary to infection occuring elsewhere in the body
acute endocarditis
caused by less virulent organisms such as strep
tends to occur in pts with congenital heart disease or preexisting valvular heart dz
subacute (bacterial) endocarditis
prolapse is the most frequent valvular lesion
common in young women
common in pts with marfan syndrome
mitral valve prolapse
valve most commonly with stenosis in RF
mitral valve
stenosis often presents as calcified aortic stenosis
male 4:1
aortic valve
atrial septal defect
septum primum
septum secundum
sinus venosus
primum - lower part of septum
secundum - fossa ovalis
sinus venosus - upper part of septum
most common congital heart disease defect
ventricular septal defects
tetra of fallot
most common cyanotic case
pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, dextro aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
tetralogy of fallot
rubella in mother most commonly casues this
failure of closure of fetal ductus arteriosus
patent ductus arteriosus
L ventricular hypertrophy
distal to the origin of the subclavian arteries
male 2:1
coarctation of aorta
aorta arises from the R ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the L ventricle
90% die in first year
transposition of great vessels
noncyanotic diseases
“D’s”
patent ductus arteriosus
atrial or ventricular septal defect
cyanotic diseases
right to left shunt
tetralogy of fallot
late cyanosis - eisenmenger syndrome
unexplained ventricular dysfunction
congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy
alcoholism or thiamine def.
cardiomyopathy
autosomal dominant characteristic
lower chamber vol
low SV
low diastole fill
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
infammatory infiltrate of biventricular heart (failure)
myocarditis
benign tumor of the blood vessels
hemangioma
most frequently occuring cardia tumor and is found most often in adults
myxoma of L atrium
most common in infants and young children and is notable for its association with tuberous sclerosis
benign
rhabdomyoma
most common primary malignancy of the heart
angiosarcoma
causes are
ischemic heart dz
hypertension
aortic and mitral valvular dz
myocardial dz
L sided heart failure
causes
L sided heart failure
L sided lesions
pulmonary hypertension
various types of cardiomyopathy and diffuse myocarditis
tricuspid or pulmonary valvular dz
R sided heart failure
R ventricular hypertrophy
pulmonary arterial hypertension is what causes it
cor pulmonale
“onion skin” thickening of arterial walls
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
associated with hypertension or diabetes mellitus
arteriolosclerosis
rigidity (sclerosis), thickening of blood vessels
arteriosclerosis
significant morbidity caused by vascular dz
MI
ischemic heart dz
aneurysm
atherosclerosis
localized abnormal dilations of either arteries or veins that can rupture
aneurysms
deep veins of LE
thrombophlebitis - no symptoms
venous thrombosis
dilated and tortous veins
increased venous pressure
varicose veins
malformation of a larger vessel composed of masses of channels filled with blood
port-wine stain birthmarks
hemangioma
hemangioma:
strawberry type
closely packed capillary like channels that may occure in the skin, lips, liver, spleen
capillary hemangioma
small purplish painful subungual nodule in a finger or toe
glomangioma
vacernous lymphangioma occurs most often in neck or axilla
associated with turner syndrome
cystic hygroma
CD31 marker
rare, malignant, vascular tumor occurs in the skin, msk system, breast or liver
angiosarcoma
sarcoma:
LE of older men of Ashkenazi Jewish or Mediterr. origin
african men/children
acquired immunodef. syndrome (AIDS)
kaposi sarcoma
necrotixing immune complex inflammation of small and medium sized arteries
hepatitis B viral infection
polyarteritis nodosa
necrotizing vasculitis considered by some to be a variant of PAN
pulmonary vasc.
marked peripheral eosinophilia
asthma
churg - stauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis)
necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis
respiratory tract, kidneys
wegener granulomatosis
medium to large sized arteries characterized by granuloma formation with giant cells
temoral arteritis
elderly
headache
giant cell arteritides
pulseless diease
takayasu arteritis
infants and young children
acutre necrotizing vasculitis
strawberry tounge
kawasaki dz
acute inflammation of small and medium arteries
young men
painful ischemic dz
cig smoking
thromboangiitis olbeterans (buerger dz)
infiltration by atrypical lymphocytoid and plasmacytoid cells
lymphomatoid granulomatosis
recurrent vasospasm
resultant pallor or cyanosis
finger and toes
raynaud dz
