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Tri 4 - Pathology II > Test 2 - HEART > Flashcards

Test 2 - HEART Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cuase of ischemic heart disease

A

atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries

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2
Q

pain in the chest that is precipitated by exertion

A

stable angina

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3
Q

prolonged or recurrent pain in the chest at REST

A

unstable angina

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4
Q

intermitttent chest pain at rest

A

prinzmetal angina

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5
Q

where does an MI most likely occur/affect

A

L ventricle

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6
Q

MI that traverses the entire L ventricular wall from the endocardium to the epicardium

A

transmural infarction

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7
Q

MI that is limited to the interior 1/3 of the wall of the left ventricle

A

subendocardial infarction

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8
Q

when do these enzymes peak in acute MI

CK-MB

Troponin I

LDH

Myoglobin

A

CK-MB: 24 hours

Troponin 1: 24 hours

LDH - 3 days

Myoglobin - 6 hours

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9
Q

multisystem inflammatory disorder with major cardiac manifestations and sequelae, most often affecting children between 5-15yo

caused by streptococci

A

rheumatic fever

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10
Q

RF:

owl eye appearance

focal interstitial myocardial inflammation

aschoff cells

anitschkow myocytes

A

aschoff body

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11
Q

RF:

bread and butter

A

pericarditis

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12
Q

RF:

leads to valvular damage

L side

A

endocarditis

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13
Q

RF:

what valve is most likely affected in rheumatic heart disease

fish mouth buttonhole

A

mitral valve

diastolic pressure higher in L atrium than L ventricle

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14
Q

RF:

noncardiac symptoms

A

fever, malasia, increased erythrocyte

joint involvment

arthralgia - joint pain

arthritis - join inflammation

CNS involvment - sydenham chorea (muscular movements, bizarre grimaces)

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15
Q

bacterial, sometimes fungal, infection of the endocardium

A

endocarditis

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16
Q

50% pts die

caused by pathogens - staph

secondary to infection occuring elsewhere in the body

A

acute endocarditis

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17
Q

caused by less virulent organisms such as strep

tends to occur in pts with congenital heart disease or preexisting valvular heart dz

A

subacute (bacterial) endocarditis

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18
Q

prolapse is the most frequent valvular lesion

common in young women

common in pts with marfan syndrome

A

mitral valve prolapse

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19
Q

valve most commonly with stenosis in RF

A

mitral valve

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20
Q

stenosis often presents as calcified aortic stenosis

male 4:1

A

aortic valve

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21
Q

atrial septal defect

septum primum

septum secundum

sinus venosus

A

primum - lower part of septum

secundum - fossa ovalis

sinus venosus - upper part of septum

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22
Q

most common congital heart disease defect

A

ventricular septal defects

tetra of fallot

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23
Q

most common cyanotic case

pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, dextro aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

A

tetralogy of fallot

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24
Q

rubella in mother most commonly casues this

failure of closure of fetal ductus arteriosus

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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25
Q

L ventricular hypertrophy

distal to the origin of the subclavian arteries

male 2:1

A

coarctation of aorta

26
Q

aorta arises from the R ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the L ventricle

90% die in first year

A

transposition of great vessels

27
Q

noncyanotic diseases

“D’s”

A

patent ductus arteriosus

atrial or ventricular septal defect

28
Q

cyanotic diseases

A

right to left shunt

tetralogy of fallot

late cyanosis - eisenmenger syndrome

29
Q

unexplained ventricular dysfunction

congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy

alcoholism or thiamine def.

A

cardiomyopathy

30
Q

autosomal dominant characteristic

lower chamber vol

low SV

low diastole fill

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

31
Q

infammatory infiltrate of biventricular heart (failure)

A

myocarditis

32
Q

benign tumor of the blood vessels

A

hemangioma

33
Q

most frequently occuring cardia tumor and is found most often in adults

A

myxoma of L atrium

34
Q

most common in infants and young children and is notable for its association with tuberous sclerosis

benign

A

rhabdomyoma

35
Q

most common primary malignancy of the heart

A

angiosarcoma

36
Q

causes are

ischemic heart dz

hypertension

aortic and mitral valvular dz

myocardial dz

A

L sided heart failure

37
Q

causes

L sided heart failure

L sided lesions

pulmonary hypertension

various types of cardiomyopathy and diffuse myocarditis

tricuspid or pulmonary valvular dz

A

R sided heart failure

38
Q

R ventricular hypertrophy

pulmonary arterial hypertension is what causes it

A

cor pulmonale

39
Q

“onion skin” thickening of arterial walls

A

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

40
Q

hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls

A

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

41
Q

associated with hypertension or diabetes mellitus

A

arteriolosclerosis

42
Q

rigidity (sclerosis), thickening of blood vessels

A

arteriosclerosis

43
Q

significant morbidity caused by vascular dz

MI

ischemic heart dz

aneurysm

A

atherosclerosis

44
Q

localized abnormal dilations of either arteries or veins that can rupture

A

aneurysms

45
Q

deep veins of LE

thrombophlebitis - no symptoms

A

venous thrombosis

46
Q

dilated and tortous veins

increased venous pressure

A

varicose veins

47
Q

malformation of a larger vessel composed of masses of channels filled with blood

port-wine stain birthmarks

A

hemangioma

48
Q

hemangioma:

strawberry type

closely packed capillary like channels that may occure in the skin, lips, liver, spleen

A

capillary hemangioma

49
Q

small purplish painful subungual nodule in a finger or toe

A

glomangioma

50
Q

vacernous lymphangioma occurs most often in neck or axilla

associated with turner syndrome

A

cystic hygroma

51
Q

CD31 marker

rare, malignant, vascular tumor occurs in the skin, msk system, breast or liver

A

angiosarcoma

52
Q

sarcoma:

LE of older men of Ashkenazi Jewish or Mediterr. origin

african men/children

acquired immunodef. syndrome (AIDS)

A

kaposi sarcoma

53
Q

necrotixing immune complex inflammation of small and medium sized arteries

hepatitis B viral infection

A

polyarteritis nodosa

54
Q

necrotizing vasculitis considered by some to be a variant of PAN

pulmonary vasc.

marked peripheral eosinophilia

asthma

A

churg - stauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis)

55
Q

necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis

respiratory tract, kidneys

A

wegener granulomatosis

56
Q

medium to large sized arteries characterized by granuloma formation with giant cells

temoral arteritis

elderly

headache

A

giant cell arteritides

57
Q

pulseless diease

A

takayasu arteritis

58
Q

infants and young children

acutre necrotizing vasculitis

strawberry tounge

A

kawasaki dz

59
Q

acute inflammation of small and medium arteries

young men

painful ischemic dz

cig smoking

A

thromboangiitis olbeterans (buerger dz)

60
Q

infiltration by atrypical lymphocytoid and plasmacytoid cells

A

lymphomatoid granulomatosis

61
Q

recurrent vasospasm

resultant pallor or cyanosis

finger and toes

A

raynaud dz

62
Q
A

Tri 4 - Pathology II (21 decks)

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