Test 2 - RU adrenals Flashcards
cortex contains
zona glomerulosa (aldosterone)
zona fasciculata (cortisol)
zona reticularis (sex-steroids)
medulla contains
chromaffin cells (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
hypercorticism
exogenous corticosteroid medication (most common)
hyperproduction of ACTH
adrenal cortical adenoma or adrenal carcinoma
ectopic production of ACTH
cushing syndrome
bilateral hyperplasia of adrenal zona fasciculata secondary to hyperactivitiy of pituitary corticotrophs or to ectopic ACTH like production by a variety of tumors; adrenal cortical adenoma
cushing syndrome
aldosterone producing adrenocortical adenoma (aldosteronoma)
hypertension, sodium and water retension, hypokalemia
decreased serum renin
primary aldosteronism
Conn syndrome
causes stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system
serum renin is increased
secondary aldosteronism
leads to diminished cortisol production and compensatory increased ACTH, with resultant adrenal hyperplasia with androgenic steroid production
21- hydroxylase def.
11- hydroxylase def
adrenocortical adnomas
adrenocortical carcinomas
adrenal virilism (adrenogenital syndrome)
primary adrenal cause or secondary to hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction
def. in glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid
hypocorticism (adrenal hypofunction)
primary adrenocortical def.
idiopathic adrenal atrophy
hypotension, increased pigmentation of skin, decreased serum sodium, chloride, glucose, bicarbonate; increased serum potassium
addison disease
adrenal insufficiency and vascular collapase is due to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal cortex
associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation
due to meningococcemia (meningitis)
waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
tumor is derived from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla
most often benign
increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites
can cause hyperglycemia
pheochromocytoma
highly malignant - comprised of small round blue cells which form characteristic rosette-like structures
occurs in early childhood
urinary catecholamines
abdominal mass
tumor is characterized by amplification of the N-myc oncogene with thousands of gene copies per cell
neuroblastoma