test 1 - congenital anomalies, COPD, diffuse interstitial diseases

Question 1

collapse of the lung

due to incomplete expansion of the lung (neonatal)

resorption atelactasis - mediastinum toward affected side

compression atelectasis - mediastinum away from affected side

contraction atelectasis - fibrotic changes in lungs

Answer 1

atelectasis

Question 2

group of disorders involving endothelial and epithelial injuries

Answer 2

acute lung injury

Question 3

lung shock, diffuse alveolar damage, acute alveolar damage

“deposite of hyaline membrane” resulting in fibrosis and bronchopneumonia

Answer 3

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 4

direct ARDS

Answer 4

alveolar capillary injury

Question 5

indirect ARDS

Answer 5

systemic disorders (acute pancreatitis)

Question 6

increase in resistance to airflow (partial or complete) with reduced forced expiratory airflow

Answer 6

obstructive pulmonary diseases

Question 7

loss of elasticity of the lung tissue

Answer 7

emphysema

Question 8

destruction of alveolar and respiratory bronchial walls due to an imbalance between protease and anti-protease (imbalance allows the protease to destroy the septa)

Answer 8

emphysema

Question 9

emphysema: involves the upper 2/3 of the lung, pale and voluminous only during advanced stages

Answer 9

centriacinar emphysema

Question 10

emphysema: involves the lower and anterior portions of the lungs, may overlap the heart, voluminous lungs

Answer 10

panacinar emphysema

Question 11

emphysema: involves the upper 1/2 of the lungs, proximal lung is normal, distal lung close to the pleura is affected

Answer 11

paraseptal emphysema

Question 12

emphysema: found with large apical blebs (air pockets) or bullae, occurs near scaring, typically involves the acinus

Answer 12

irregular emphysema

Question 13

vascular compression: emphysema

Answer 13

results in hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension

Question 14

pink puffers

Answer 14

severe emphysema

Question 15

pulmonary obstructive disorder

thickening of the bronchial mucosa and an increase in mucous production leading to airway obstruction

Answer 15

chronic bronchitis

• simple chronic
• chronic asthmatic
• obstructive chronic

Question 16

increase in concentration of goblet cells in the small bronchi and bronchioles (resulting in obstruction)

Answer 16

chronic bronchitis

Question 17

blue bloatters

Answer 17

chronic bronchitis

Question 18

chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by hyperactive airways

Answer 18

bronchial asthma

Question 19

IgE mediated asthma (atopic) - allergic hypersensitivity

Answer 19

extrinsic bronchial asthma

Question 20

non immune mediated asthma - stress, pulmonary infection, exercise, etc

Answer 20

intrinsic asthma

Question 21

permanent dilation and destruction of the bronchii and bronchioles

• excudate in the walls

Answer 21

bronchiectasis

Question 22

caused by a decrease in the expansion of the lungs resulting in a decrease in total lung capacity

Answer 22

restricitve pulmonary disorders

Question 23

caplan’s syndrome

• rheumatoid arthritis with pneumoconiosis

Answer 23

occupational lung disease

Question 24

occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of irrtants

Answer 24

pneumoconiosis

Question 25

irritation of the lungs due to inhalation of silicon dioxide

Answer 25

silicosis

• egg shell calcifications

Question 26

irritation of the lungs from inhalation of asbestos

Answer 26

asbestosis

Question 27

systemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas

• found with shaumann bodies: laminated concretions composed of calcium and proteins

Answer 27

sarcoidosis