test 2: mitosis/meisosis terminology

Question 1

aneuploidy

Answer 1

chromosomes in meiosis divided unevenly and one egg/sperm ends up with too much DNA while other has too little

Question 2

aster

Answer 2

formation of extra unattached spindle fibers as they raditate outwards in a “sun” shape from centrioles

Question 3

centriole

Answer 3

cell organelle present in animal cells that form the asters and spindle fibers during mitosis/meiosis

Question 4

centromere

Answer 4

region on the chromosome where the kinetochore is built and where the chromatids are attached together

Question 5

centrosome

Answer 5

region in the cell where centrioles are found

Question 6

chromatid

Answer 6

one of the identical copies of DNA made during DNA replication

Question 7

chiasmata

Answer 7

regions/locations on the tetrad where synapsis (crossing over) occurs during prophase 1 (meiosis)

Question 8

chromatin

Answer 8

form DNA takes in the nucleus of a cell when not dividing

Question 9

chromosome

Answer 9

coiled up form of DNA used to divide up DNA during both mitosis and meiosis

Question 10

cytokinesis

Answer 10

division of cytoplasm at the end of telophase

Question 11

gamete

Answer 11

sex cell (eggs, sperm)

Question 12

diploid

Answer 12

full set of DNA, 1 allele from each parent (somatic cells)

Question 13

DNA polymerase

Answer 13

one of the enzymes which assist DNA replication

Question 14

haploid

Answer 14

1/2 a set of DNA, only one of your two alleles (egg/sperm)

Question 15

homologous chromosome

Answer 15

two matching chromosomes that make up a tetrad (1 chromosome from mom, 1 chromosome from dad, 4 chromatids total)

Question 16

kinetochore

Answer 16

structure on the chromosome found at the centromere where the spindle fibers attach